Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 47 6 2009 12 15 451 454 EN Omid Rezaei Department of Psychiatry, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran. Somaye Shahzamanian School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Sahel Hemmati Gorgani Department of Psychiatry, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran. Firoozeh Sajedi Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Infant colic is a common problem characterized by excessive crying and fussing. We examined whether colic symptoms of exclusively breast-milk-fed infants would be improved by temporary strict maternal avoidance of cow's milk. This study is analytic and experimental. Sixty-six subjects were recruited during winter of 2006 from a clinic in Isfahan, Iran. Breast-milk-fed in-fants with "colic", age 3-6 months and to be in otherwise good health were referred by pediatri-cians. The intervention was 1 week period of strict maternal avoidance of cow's milk while they continued exclusive breast-milk-feeding. All infants showed improvement in distressed behavior (crying and fussing) during intervention. The total recorded crying and fussing time was reduced by an average of 31%. A significant difference was found in cry and fuss time between first and last 2 days of intervention (P = 0.000). Cow's milk proteins may play an etiologic role in colic. We propose that a brief intervention with strict maternal avoidance of cow's milk may be an effective treatment for colic in some breast-milk-fed infants. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3627 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3627/3603