Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 2 2011 02 15 124 126 EN Zohreh Azarkar Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Mahmood Zardast Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Nahid Ghanbarzadeh Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 2015 09 28 Primary tuberculosis of the breast is a rare disease. It usually occurs in female of reproductive age. Any form of tuberculosis mastitis may present with feature of malignancy. Diagnosis is mainly based on identification of tubercle bacilli. We report a 42-year-old woman with primary tuberculosis abscess of the breast, who underwent surgical resection. Fine needle biopsy failed to achieve specific diagnosis before surgical operation. She responded to anti-TB therapy postoperatively. In endemic area, tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast tumors. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3708 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3708/3683