Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 7 2011 07 15 447 450 EN Ali Akbar Rahbarimanesh Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases , Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Peyman Salamati Department of Community Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammadreza Ashrafi Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Manelie Sadeghi Specialist in Community Medicine, Research Development Center, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Javad Tavakoli Department of Pediatric, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most common seizure disorder in childhood. white blood cell (WBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are commonly measured in FC. Trauma, vomiting and bleeding can also lead to WBC and ESR so the blood tests must carefully be interpreted by the clinician. In this cross sectional study 410 children(163 with FC), aged 6 months to 5 years, admitted to Bahrami Children hospital in the first 48 hours of their febrile disease, either with or without seizure, were evaluated over an 18 months period. Age, sex, temperature; history of vomiting, bleeding or trauma; WBC, ESR and hemoglobin were recorded in all children. There was a significant increase of WBC (P<0.001) in children with FC so we can deduct that leukocytosis encountered in children with FC can be due to convulsion in itself. There was no significant difference regarding ESR (P=0.113) between the two groups. In fact, elevated ESR is a result of underlying pathology. In stable patients who don't have any indication of lumbar puncture, there's no need to assess WBC and ESR as an indicator of underlying infection. If the patient is transferred to pediatric ward and still there's no reason to suspect a bacterial infection, there is no need for WBC test. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3773 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3773/3748