Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 7 2011 07 15 460 467 EN Banafsheh Moradmand Badie Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tahereh Soori Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parastoo Kheirandish Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Saeed Izadyar Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Foroughi Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Rostamian Department of Rheumatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Minoo Mohraz Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Bone disorders have emerged as a worrisome complication in HIV-infected patients in recent years. It is not clear that HIV infection itself or antiretroviral treatment or both are causes of bone loss. However, most studies have found a high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV/AIDS patients. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients either untreated or receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy as compared with HIV negative persons. We also assessed the factors associated with these conditions. Bone Mineral Density was assessed by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry scans at the hip and lumbar spine in 36 AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy and 44 HIV infected patients not receiving antiretroviral therapy (naïve patients) and 40 HIV negative individuals as control. Factors that affect BMD were also determined. Prevalence of osteopenia or osteoporosis in different regions was significantly higher in HIV/AIDS patients compared with HIV negative subjects (77.3% in HIV positive naïve patients, 86.1% in HAART-treated patients and 60% in the control group, P=0.002). Mean serum alkaline phosphatase was higher in HIV/AIDS patients than the control group (P=0.003). Osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients were associated with duration of HIV infection (P<0.0001) and antiretroviral treatment (P=0.012). Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV/AIDS patients was higher than HIV negative individuals. Osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV/AIDS patients was associated with duration of HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3776 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3776/3751