Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 8 2011 08 15 527 530 EN Hassan Anari Department of Radiology. Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran. Bahman Bashardoust Department of Dialysis, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran. Masoud Pourissa Department of Radiology, Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Soheila Refahi Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine. Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran. AND Departments of Physics and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Ultrasound is one of the preferred modalities for evaluation of the parathyroid glands. This study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of high resolution ultrasound for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure. From March 2008 to March 2009, ninety-one hemodialysis patients were examined by high resolution ultrasound (14 MHz) of the parathyroid glands in comparison to parathyroid hormone level. 43.9% of patients showed enlarged parathyroid glands with an average of 8.7 mm. The mean parathyroid hormone level of patients with enlarged parathyroid glands on sonography was 503 ± 450 pg/ml. We observed a significant correlation between parathyroid hormone level and enlarged parathyroid glands (P<0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity of sonography for detection of secondary hyperparathyroidism were 62.5% and 85.7% respectively. In conclusion, our study showed that high resolution sonography is a useful noninvasive method for the evaluation of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on hemodialysis and that sonographically enlarged glands may be a measure of severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3789 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3789/3764