Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 50 11 2012 11 15 760 764 EN Afsaneh Sadeghian Department of Pediatrics, Fatemieh Hospital, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran. Maryam Damghanian Department of Pediatrics, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran. Mohammad Shariati Department of Social Medicine, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran. 2015 09 28 Current study determined the overall incidence, common causes as well as main predictors of this final diagnosis among neonates admitted to a rural district hospital in Iran. This study was conducted on 699 neonates who were candidate for admission to the NICU. Study population was categorized in the case group, including patients exposed to final diagnosis of neonatal seizures and the control group without this diagnosis. Neonatal seizure was reported as final diagnosis in 25 (3.6%) of neonates. The most frequent discharge diagnosis in the seizure group was neonatal sepsis and in the non-seizure group was respiratory problems. No significant difference was found in early fatality rate between neonates with and without seizures (8.0% vs. 10.1%). Only gestational age <38 week had a relationship with the appearance of neonatal seizure. Low gestational age has a crucial role for predicting appearance of seizure in Iranian neonates. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3989 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3989/3964