Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 7 2014 07 15 528 531 EN Farideh Jowkar Department of Dermatology, Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Nasrin Saki Department of Dermatology, Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Akbar Mokhtarpour Department of Dermatology, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran. Mohammad Reza Saki Department of Medicine, Student Research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2015 10 11 Hand eczema is a common distressing skin problem. It is an immune reaction to haptens. Thus, substances that inhibit Immune system can be effective in the treatment of hand eczema. In this study, topical fumaric acid 5% cream is compared with topical steroid in the treatment of hand eczema. Patients with hand eczema were randomly divided into two groups. One group received fumaric acid 5% in a cream base, and the other received triamcinolone 0.1% in the same cream base. Both groups used creams twice daily for one month. Patients were checked for erythema, excoriation, population and lichenification, EASI score, and pruritus before and after treatment. In both groups, the mean of all signs of the disease and EASI score decreased after one month of treatment. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in decreasing erythema, but excoriation, population, lichenification, EASI score and itching were all decreased more in triamcinolone 0.1 % group. Although fumaric acid can inhibit the immune system; it was less effective for the treatment of all signs of hand eczema except erythema in comparison to triamcinolone. These results may be justified for two reasons: low penetration of topical fumaric acid through the skin or a low concentration used in this study. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4580 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4580/4508