Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 53 4 2015 04 15 220 224 EN Mohammad Darvishi Department of Infectious Diseases, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Katayoun Ziari Department of Pathology, Be'sat Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Mohebbi Department of Pediatrics Neurology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kamyab Alizadeh Department of Pathology, Be'sat Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 This study was conducted to evaluate the association between H. pylori infection and Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among preschool children (age range: 40-75 months) at a tertiary referral hospital in Tehran.In a case-control study, the prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity was compared between 64 children with IDA diagnosis and 70 healthy non-anemic sex- and age-matched controls. Totally, 52 (81.3%) children with IDA and 10 (14.3%) non-anemic controls had a positive antibody level for H. pylori specific IgG and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P<0.0001). H. pylori infection had a significant high prevalence among preschool patients with IDA. Eradication of H. pylori infection is recommended for patients with refractory IDA. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4903 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4903/4419