Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 54 7 2016 07 09 437 440 EN Mohammad Reza Motie Department of General Surgery, Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Parham Hashemi Department of General Surgery, Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 2015 10 19 2016 04 05 To determine whether the medical Treatment of anal fissure can be an effective alternative for surgery Methods: Retrospectively, we randomly selected 190 Patients being treated for anal fissure between the years 2005-2010 in 3 equal groups: group A: Patients who received medical treatment with topical nitroglycerin, group B: Patient treated with topical diltiazem, and group C: Patients underwent surgery. The results were then correlated with the statistical program SPSS using chi-square test. Main complaints of the patients were first anal pain and then bleeding. The response to treatments for relieving pain was: 77% in A, 83% in B, and 98% in group C. Response of treatments for fissure healing, in order of groups A, B and C was: 74%, 83%, and 94%. Despite good response to medical treatment, surgical treatment was more effective and medical treatment of choice in patients who are willing to have surgery. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/5005 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/5005/4811