Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 53 12 2015 12 22 793 795 EN Pratiksha Gupta Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research ESIC, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India. Sangeeta Gupta Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research ESIC, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India. 2015 12 22 Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis can sometimes occur in a previous surgical scar. Scar endometriosis is rare and difficult to diagnose. It mostly follows obstetrical and gynecological surgeries. This condition is often confused with other surgical conditions. We are reporting one case of scar endometriosis involving rectus sheath following cesarean section. The patient required wide surgical excision of the lesion. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare condition are being discussed. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/5301 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/5301/4728