Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 55 6 2017 08 19 395 398 EN Ali Mazouri Department of Neonatology, Akbarabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nastaran Khosravi Department of Neonatology, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arash Bordbar Department of Neonatology, Akbarabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nasrin Khalesi Department of Neonatology, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Saboute Department of Neonatology, Akbarabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Pegah Taherifard Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Marjan Mirzababaee Department of Nuclear Medicine, Akbarabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehran Ebrahimi Department of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 01 30 2017 02 27 The use of parenteral nutritional supplementation of phosphorus may lead to exhibit higher plasma phosphate concentrations and less radiological features in premature neonates susceptible to osteopenia. The present study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of adding intravenous phosphorus to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in preterm neonates by measuring bone mineral content. This open-labeled randomized clinical trial was conducted on premature neonates who were hospitalized at NICU. The neonates were randomly assigned to two groups received TPN with intravenous sodium glycerophosphate or Glycophos (1.5 mmol/kg/day) or TPN without sodium glycerophosphate. At the end of the four weeks of treatment, the presence of osteopenia was examined using DEXA Scan. After completing treatment protocols, the group received TPN with intravenous Glycophos had significantly lower serum alkaline phosphatase (360±60 versus 762±71, P<0.001), as well as higher serum calcium to creatinine ratio (1.6±0.3 versus 0.44±0.13, P<0.001) compared to the control group received TPN without Glycophos. Those who received TPN with intravenous Glycophos experienced more increase in bone mineral density than those in control group (0.13±0.01 versus 0.10±0.02, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in serum calcium and serum vitamin D between the case and control groups. Adding intravenous sodium glycerophosphate to TPN in premature neonates can compensate the lack of bone mineral content and help to prevent osteopenia. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6190 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6190/4951