Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 2 2018 02 17 77 83 EN Ateke Mousavi Nasl-khameneh Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Mirshafiey Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Shiri-Shahsavar Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Mohammad Reza Eshraghian Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Shadanian Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mina Abdolahi Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 03 12 2017 04 30 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with the impaired balance of CD4+T cells. This trial is a descriptive study to evaluate the expression of CD4+T cell cytokines, interleukin (IL) ‑2, IL‑4, IL‑17, TGF‑β, and respectively related transcription factors, including T-bet, GATA3, RORγt and FoxP3 in MS patients. Sixteen relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients receiving interferon beta (IFN-β)-1a in the stable phase of the disease and 14 healthy control volunteers (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The expression of cytokines and transcription factors was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients using real time PCR. The results of this study showed that the expression of IL-2 (P≤0.05), IL-4 (P≤0.05), IL-17 (P≤0.05) and RORγt (P≤0.01) in PBMCs of RRMS patients were significantly higher than those in HCs. The expression of TGF‑β, GATA3, and FoxP3 were higher but the RORγt expression was lower in the patients than HCs without reaching significant value. Observed results indicated differences in immune system cytokines of healthy volunteers and the patients that were in the stable phase and under immunomodulatory therapy especially in proinflammatory mediators. Therefore, any therapeutic strategy to restore the immune system balance is desirable in RRMS patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6298 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6298/5049