Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 4 2018 04 09 226 233 EN Leila Farsi Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mansoor Keshavarz Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Khashayar Afshari Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Noroozi Javidan Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 05 09 2017 12 18   Peripheral neuropathy, regularly expressed as hypersensitivity to painful stimuli, is between the most common complications of spinal cord injury (SCI) that develops in up to 40% of patients and appears to be persistent. Previous studies have demonstrated neuroprotective effects of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on neuropathic pains. We aimed to investigate the antihyperalgesic effect of G-CSF on neuropathic pains following SCI in male rats. Twenty four adult male rats (weight 300–350g) were used. After laminectomy, complete SCI was performed by compression of the spinal cord for 1 minute with an aneurysm clip. Within 30 minutes after the surgery, 200 µg/kg G-CSF was injected intravenously in G-CSF treated groups and then was repeated in 3 consecutive days. Tail flick latency (TFL), acetone drop test scores, BBB test scores, and Von-Frey filament test were performed before surgery and once a week after surgery. Rats in G-CSF treated group showed significantly higher mean TFL, and lower mean score of acetone test compared with those in SCI+veh group 4 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between rats in G-CSF treated group and SCI+veh group in BBB and Von-Frey filament tests results. These findings revealed that treatment with systemic administration of intravenous G-CSF would attenuate thermal hyperalgesia, and cold allodynia induced by SCI in rats but has no significant effect on locomotor activity and mechanical allodynia after SCI.   https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6445 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6445/5073