Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 5 2018 05 20 329 333 EN Gholam-Hossein Fallahi Research Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Gholam-Reza Khatami Research Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Neda Esmailzadehha Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. AND Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehri Najafi Research Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Farahmand Research Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Motamed Research Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Khodadad Research Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nima Rezaei Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. Mohammad-Reza Modarresi Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Education and Research Network (PRDERN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. Mostafa Qorbani Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Rita Bagherian Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. 2017 07 29 2017 12 18 There are controversies on the association of childhood allergic diseases with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this study was to examine the association between food allergy, cow’s milk allergy (CMA), and asthma with pediatric IBD in Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on 200 individuals less than 18-year-old (100 with IBD and 100 as control group). Medical records, clinical presentation, and laboratory and para-clinical findings related to food allergy, CMA, and asthma were reviewed for all participants in both groups and were recorded. Among 100 children with IBD, 40 had Crohn's disease, and 60 had ulcerative colitis. The frequency of food allergy, cow's milk allergy, and asthma in children with IBD was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). Asthma in children with Crohn's disease was significantly more prevalent than children with ulcerative colitis (P=0.008). Food allergy (OR: 22.1, 95% CI: 5.1-95.05, P<0.001), CMA (OR: 15, 95% CI: 3-67, P<0.001), and asthma (OR: 10, 95% CI: 3-37.05, P<0.001) were significantly associated with increased risk of IBD in children. Food allergy, CMA in infancy and asthma are more prevalent in children with different subtypes of IBD. The diagnosis of these risk factors is associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6620 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6620/5097