Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 7 2018 08 13 441 449 EN Doaa M El Demerdash Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Heba Moustafa Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Rasha S El Rawi Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Sherif N Amin Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Mervat M Mattar Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. 2017 08 28 2017 12 19 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health concern in Egypt with its unique genotype. Besides liver disease, HCV is a lymphotropic virus involved in the pathogenesis of various extrahepatic diseases. A causative role of HCV in the generation of chronic lymphoproliferative diseases as well as its impact on disease behavior in HCV chronic carriers are not fully understood. We investigated the prevalence of HCV among cohort of Egyptian patients (n:84) with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases, the relation between HCV infection and the immunological state of this opulation and also their clinical and laboratory characteristics. High prevalence of HCV (40%) among Egyptian patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases with following subtype frequency was revealed; CLL (38.2%) followed by DLBCL (20.6%), and LPL (17.6%). We found significant correlation between HCV and platelet count (P=0.014), Albumin (P=0.02), LDH (P=0.014) and B2M (P=0.05). Otherwise, there were no significant correlations with other parameters especially the immunological assessment; serum immunoglobulins, Coombs test, and cryoglobulinemia. HCV prevalence among patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases is higher than that estimated in the general population. Those patients should be tested for HCV during the assessment. Our observations suggest that HCV may have an oncogenic role in Egyptian patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases and it may affect the prognostic markers in those populations. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6671 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6671/5127