Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 8 2018 11 26 484 493 EN Gerardo Fernando Fernández Soto Nursery Career, School of Health Sciences, Ambato Technical University, Ambato, Ecuador. AND Early Stimulation Career, School of Health Sciences, Ambato Technical University, Ambato, Ecuador. AND Pediatric Service of the Ambato General Hospital, Ambato, Ecuador. Nereida Valero Cedeño Nursery Career, School of Health Sciences, Ambato Technical University, Ambato, Ecuador. Carolina Arráiz de Fernández Nursery Career, School of Health Sciences, Ambato Technical University, Ambato, Ecuador. Patricia Paredes Lascano Medicine Career, School of Health Sciences, Ambato Technical University, Ambato, Ecuador. AND Pediatric Service of the Ambato General Hospital, Ambato, Ecuador. Miriam Fernández Nieto Nursery Career, School of Health Sciences, Ambato Technical University, Ambato, Ecuador. María Teresa Peñaherrera Ron Nursery Career, School of Health Sciences, Ambato Technical University, Ambato, Ecuador. 2018 01 02 2018 07 28 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of Tuberculosis, is a pathogen that is widely distributed geographically. Tuberculosis is classified as a granulomatous inflammatory condition where effector cells accumulate at the site of mycobacterial infection to form the characteristic tubercle. Regulating proteins of Th1 and Th17 cells participate  in the formation of Mycobacterium-induced granuloma. The predominance of Th2 phenotype cytokines increases the severity of Tuberculosis. Treg cells are increased in patients with active Tuberculosis but decrease with anti-Tuberculosis treatment. The increment of these cells causes down-regulation of adaptive immune response facilitating the persistence of the bacterial infection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced Treg cells to secrete cytokines that inhibit the immune response. This has been considered an important evasion mechanism although it is not the only that intervenes. The evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection will depend on the cytokines' network that traduces pathological change in cells and tissues which explain the clinical manifestations existing in affected patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6923 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6923/5135