Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 57 5 2019 09 30 299 302 EN Rasoul Nasiri Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. AND Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Pedram Ataee Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. AND Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Azad Abdi Department of Pediatrics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Ghobad Moradi Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. AND Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Borhan Moradveisi Department of Pediatrics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Kambiz Eftekhari Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Bahrami Children’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2018 12 15 2019 08 03 In recent years, the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis has increased in developed countries. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can exacerbate asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between asthma and H. pylori seroprevalence in children. In this cross-sectional study, 100 children aged 5-15 years hospitalized in Besat hospital in Sanandaj were investigated from 2015 to 2016. Fifty children with asthma were considered as the case group and 50 non-asthmatic children as the control group. The questionnaires were completed, including demographic information, history of asthma, exposure to cigarette smoke, and family history of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Blood samples were collected from the children, and the serum level of specific antibodies (IgG) of H. pylori was measured. There were 42 and 31 boys in the case and control group, respectively. The mean age in the case group was 8.12±2.29 and in the control group was 8.9±2.52 years. In the case group, 48% were exposed to cigarette smoke and in the control group, 18%. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of gender and exposure to cigarette smoke (P=0.001 and P=0.013, respectively). There was no significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of H. pylori seroprevalence. (P=0.211). There was no significant association between asthma and H. pylori seroprevalence. (P=0.22). According to our study, there no correlation between childhood asthma and H. pylori seroprevalence. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/7634 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/7634/5257