Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 3 2020 07 19 103 108 Heshmat Shahi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Kiaee Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2019 09 21 2020 04 26 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral bacterium that infects the human gastric mucosa. Various clinical aspects of the infection may mirror distinctive forms of cytokine expression. It has a correlation with immune cell penetration to the gastric mucosa with numerous cytokines production and gastric inflammation. IL-1 and IL-8 are directly contribute to H. pylori effected gastritis. IL-32 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine categorized by the training of Immune cells activation which have a vital role in human immunity. H. pylori virulence and danger factors which are critical in gastritis such as the outer inflammatory protein (OipA) and the cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA). We aimed to study the IL-32 mRNA expression in H. pylori-positive and negative patients as well as its relation with bacterial cagA, oipA, and severity of gastritis. Endoscopic biopsies were taken from the antrum of 60 H. pylori-infected patients and 62 uninfected individuals.  Mucosal IL-32 mRNA expression was assessed by real-time PCR. With PCR the H. pylori virulence factors were evaluated. Showed that the mRNA expression of IL-32 levels were significantly lower in biopsies of H. pylori-uninfected patients compared to positive individual (p = 0.01). A straight communication between virulence factor oipA, cagA and heightening in IL-32 mRNA expression (p <0.001) was observed. Furthermore. IL-32 mRNA expression levels were approximately equal in both chronic and active gastritis (p = 0.1). IL-32 may have critical role in different situation like inflammation and severity of inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8094 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/8094/5379