Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 3 2021 03 13 142 147 Zahra Mazloum Khorasani Metabolic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Saeed Choobkar Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ramin Khameneh Bagheri Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mina AkbariRad Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Abdollah Firoozi Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2020 07 29 2021 01 25 Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that has a higher serum level in healthy people. In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, MI, and dyslipidemia, the serum level of adiponectin is lower than 4 µg/mL. Adiponectin is proved to have a protective role against atherosclerotic changes where its low serum levels in type 2 diabetes can lead to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we aimed to survey the possible effects of adiponectin in the development of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetics. Thirty diabetic cases with coronary artery disease, 30 diabetic cases without known coronary artery disease, and a group of 30 healthy volunteers, all of them were between 18-65-year-old, were entered our study. We gathered demographic data by performing a physical examination followed by filling a checklist and a set of laboratory tests. All the groups were sex and age-matched (P=0.284 and P=0.163 respectively). CAD group had the lowest HBA1C (P<0.001). Both LDL and HDL were also lower in the CAD group (P<0.001). Adiponectin was also lower in the CAD group when compared to other groups (P<0.008) or when compared with only normal diabetics (P<0.002). We found a correlation between adiponectin and HDL (r=0.348, P=0.008), suggesting each unit of reduction in serum level of adiponectin could increase the chance of coronary artery disease by 38% in diabetics. In this study, we showed that the lower serum level of adiponectin is correlated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetics. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8626