Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 10 2022 12 18 655 658 Morteza Abouzaripour Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Fardin Fathi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Bakhtyar Khosravi Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Ehsan Motavasel Faculty of Paramedicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Ramiar Sharifi Faculty of Paramedicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad Bakhtiar Hesam Shariati Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2020 12 15 2022 10 30 Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is an infrequent disease in childhood with Specific clinical complications. To date, the highest incidence of this disease has been reported in East Asian children. The clinical features of the disease include convulsions, frequent vomiting, and coma. Most of these patients die within days or cause severe neurological complications. The disease is characterized by symmetric and necrotic multifunctional lesions in the thalami and brainstem. We reported a 5-year-old girl infant from Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, located in west of Iran. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9027