Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 275 276 EN Mehrdad Jalalian Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia. AND Department of Research, Research Center of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Khorasan-e Razavi Blood Center, Mashhad, Iran. Latiffah Latiff Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia. Saeed Niazmand Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Parichehr Hanachi Department of Biomedical, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Tajuddin Seyed Hassan Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia. 2015 09 28 No Abstract https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3738 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3738/3713

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 277 283 EN Mohammd Reza Shahraki Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Mehdi Harati Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Ahamd Reza Shahraki Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Member of Young Researches Club of Zahedan Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. 2015 09 28 Tamarindus indica is used as a traditional treatment for diabetes. To elucidate whether Tamarindus indica seed aqueous extract (TSE) ameliorates metabolic syndrome in hyperinsulinemic rats, we evaluated serum insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose levels in fructose-fed rats. Animals were divided into three groups; control (C) receiving tap water, fructose-fed (F) and TSE-treated fructose-fed rats (F-T) both receiving tap water supplemented with 10% (w/v) fructose. Water was prepared every day for a period of 8 weeks for all three groups. F-T rats were fed with TSE via gavage feeding at the dose of 20 mg/0.5 ml distilled water/100 g body weight per day. Fasting serum glucose levels of three groups were comparable. TSE treatment prevented the increase in fasting serum insulin, TG, TC, VLDL, and LDL in the F-T group (P<0.01) when comparing with the F group. Fructose feeding led to a decrease in fasting serum DHEAS, and HDL levels in the F group (P<0.01) compared with the control. TSE treatment prevented the decrease in fasting serum DHEAS, and HDL levels in the F-T group (P<0.01) while these results were not seen in control rats. It is indicated that the hyperinsulinemia in fructosefed insulin resistant rats are associated with low levels of DHEAS, and HDL; and high levels of TC, VLDL, LDL, and TG. TSE supplementation probably ameliorates metabolic syndrome due to the improved insulin action. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3739 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3739/3714

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 284 287 EN Parvin Zareian Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. Mohammad Vahid Karimi Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. Gita Dorneyani Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. 2015 09 28 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute swimming stress on plasma corticosterone and leptin levels in female and male rats. Thirty- seven adult male (n=20) and female (n=20) Sprague Dawley rats (200-250 g weight) were used. The leptin and corticosterone levels were measured following swimming stress (10 minutes) or no stress. Plasma leptin and corticosterone were measured by ELISA system. The plasma leptin and corticosterone levels were significantly increased in female and male rats by swimming stress. Plasma leptin level was not correlated significantly with plasma corticosterone in all groups. There were no sex differences in leptin level among stressed and non stressed rats. The results suggest that changes in plasma leptin level could not be associated with stimulation of corticosterone secretion from adrenal glands and leptin secretion is not sex dependent. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3740 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3740/3715

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 288 292 EN Seyed Jalil Mirhosseini Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran. Seyed Khalil Forouzannia Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran. Ali Hassan Sayegh Medical Student and Researcher of Cardiac Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mehdi Sanatkar Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia after cardiothoracic surgery. AF following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is associated with an increase in morbidity, mortality, hemodynamic instability, thromboembolic events, severity of heart failure and ICU and hospital stay. Corticosteroids have a variety of beneficial effects on recovery after elective surgery. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that low dose of Methylprednisolone (MP) can affect post-CABG AF and early complications in patients with severe left ventricle dysfunction who underwent elective off-pump coronary artery bypass. A total of 120 patients with LV dysfunction undergoing elective off- pump CABG randomly received either MP or placebo. Diabetic patients and those who were receiving corticosteroids were excluded. The MP group received 5mg/kg of MP intravenously after induction of anesthesia and the placebo group received an equal volume of normal saline. We evaluated Post-CABG variables including incidence, duration and frequency of AF recurrence and early morbidity such as bleeding, infection, vomiting, renal and respiratory dysfunctions, ICU or hospital stay and early mortality. The mean age of patients was 62.11 ± 12.34 years with the 2.4 male to female ratio. AF occurred in 23(19.2%) patients. No significant difference in the incidence of new AF was found between the placebo (21.7%) and MP group (16.7%) (P=0.47). MP did not affect postoperative bleeding, infection, vomiting, renal and respiratory dysfunction and mortality; however, MP significantly reduced ICU and hospital length of stay. MP did not affect the incidence, duration and frequency of AF recurrence in patients with severe LV dysfunction undergoing off-pump CABG. However, MP could reduce ICU and hospital stay significantly in these patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3741 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3741/3716

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 293 295 EN Mohammad Alshara Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Nursing, Irbid National University, Irbid, Jordan. 2015 09 28 The present study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial resistant pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from clinical specimens of Jordanian pediatric patients during the period from January to December 2008. A total of 444 E. coli strains were isolated from clinical specimens and tested for their susceptibility to different antimicrobial drugs. Overall, high resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (84%), followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (74.3%), cotrimoxazole (71%), nalidixic acid (47.3%), cephalothin (41%). Lower resistance rates were observed for amikacin (0%) followed by Cefotaxime (11%), Ceftriaxone (11.7%), ciprofloxacin (14.5%), Norfloxacin (16.5%), gentamicin (17.3%) cephalexin (20.9%), Ceftazidime (22.5%), cefixime (29.6%), and cefaclor (32.8%). Ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cotrimoxazole were found to be ineffective at in vitro inhibition of the E. coli of pediatric origin. Amikacin was highly effective for E. coli with susceptibility rate of 100%. The majority of E. coli strains were susceptible to third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3742 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3742/3717

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 296 301 EN Neda Mehrdad Nursing and Midwifery School , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mitra Zolfaghari Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Naser Bahrani Department of Statistic, Shahid Sattary University, Tehran, Iran. Sana Eybpoosh Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2015 09 28 Traditional teaching methods used in medical education couldn't meet the need for keeping pace with up to date information. Present study has conducted in order to compare the effect of lecture and e-learning methods on nursing students' learning outcomes in the context of Iran. A cross-over design was applied. Study sample was consisted of 32 students which were in third semester of nursing bachelor program and were passing Maternal Child nursing course. The first part of the course was taught using lecture method during first four weeks; an e-learning method was the technique used to educate the remained part of the course during the second four weeks. Students' learning outcomes in each method, opinion toward and participation with both educational methods was assessed. No significant difference was found between students exam scores in both methods. Considering students' opinion toward educational methods, no significant difference was found between two methods in general but students reported better "capability" and "independency" in e-learning method while lecture was obtained higher scores in "effectiveness on learning" and "motivation" characteristics. E-learning can be used in teaching some nursing courses. It is recommended to use e-learning method with appropriate interactive strategies and attractive virtual environments to motivate students. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3743 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3743/3718

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 302 304 EN Reza Nafisi Moghadam Department of Radiology, Shahid adoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Ahmad Shajari Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani Department of Endocrinology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2015 09 28 According to its superficial anatomical location, the thyroid gland is easily accessible by sonography. Sonography allows an exact documentation of the size and thyroid volume. The relationship between thyroid volume and anthropometric characteristics is a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid volume and its determinants in healthy adult. A cross-sectional study was performed from June2003 until April 2005 in 314 healthy adults aged over 18 years old in Yazd, Iran. Data were collected on age, sex, and weight and thyroid size by sonoraphy. Mean of thyroid volume in male and female was 9.08 ± 2.49 and 7.93 ± 3.2 milliliter which the differences was significant (P<0.003).Differences between thyroid volume and weight was significant (P=0.001). Mean of female weight and proportion of thyroid volume to their weight was 61.83 ± 12.09kg and 0.130 ± 0.33. Mean of male weight and proportion of thyroid volume to their weight was 71.41 ± 9.05kg and 0.126 ± 0.028 (P<0.003). Results of study is similar to other studies .Mean of thyroid volume in Yazd citizens is not differ from other Iranian but is different from other countries. This difference could be related to food intake habit, geographical region and daily oral iodine consumption https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3744 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3744/3719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 305 306 EN Shafaat Davoodreza Department of ENT, ENT Clinic of Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 We aimed to investigate the correlation of tonsillectomy with palatine tonsil size and to compare the differences of tonsil size and the need for surgery in children and adults. Also we can predict the outcome of tonsillectomy. We measured tonsil sizes in (height and width) in 150 children and 35 adults with hypertrophy of palatine tonsils and we measured the mass of tonsils and then the data analysis. In both groups of children and adults, tonsil sizes were significantly correlated with the rate of tonsillectomy. Tonsil size of grade 3 and 4 were with a high tonsillectomy rate in adults but tonsil size grade 2, 3 and 4 had a high tonsillectomy rate in children. Tonsillectomy correlated with tonsil size in both groups children and adults. The rate of tonsillectomy increased proportionally with tonsil sizes in both groups children and adults. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3745 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3745/3720

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 307 309 EN Seyed Khalil Forouzannia Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mohammad Hassan Abdollahi Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Seyed Jalil Mirhosseini Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mehdi Hadadzadeh Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Habibollah Hosseini Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Seyed Hossein Moshtaghion Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Naeimeh Naserzadeh Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Ghoraishian Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2015 09 28 The duration of ICU (intensive care unit) stay in cardiac surgery patients has an important role in the rate of complications and costs. The aim of this study was to determine the role of perioperative risk factors in clinical outcome based on the time of ICU discharge. In this descriptive study, 219 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery in Afshar Hospital in Yazd, an Iranian city, were divided into early (≤24 hrs) and late (>24 hrs) ICU discharge groups according to the duration of ICU stay. The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors, the complications and the outcome were evaluated. Age, sex, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction, renal failure, cerebrovascular accident, and level of hematocrit and creatinine were not significantly different between the two groups. Patients with hemodynamic instability, respiratory dysfunction, ejection fraction <35%, hypertension, inotrope administration, left main coronary artery involvement, use of intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) and arrhythmia had significantly higher mortality and longer ICU stay (>24 hrs) compared to others (P<0.05). The duration of intubation was significantly lower in the early discharge group (7.8 ± 3.8 hrs compared to 17 ± 9.9 hrs) than in the late discharge group. Time of ICU discharge depends on perioperative risk factors, and risk factor modification may improve clinical outcome. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3746 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3746/3721

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 310 313 EN Sadrollah Motamed Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Center, 15 Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical ciences, Tehran, Iran. Ramin Jahadi Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Center, 15 Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical ciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Asadi Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Center, 15 Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical ciences, Tehran, Iran. Hasan Motamed Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Center, 15 Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical ciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Burns account for a significant proportion of injuries, and of these the face, neck, and anterior torso are commonly affected. Burn scars remain a lasting reminder of the insult both for the patient and the outside world. There is little doubt that the change in appearance and the limitation imposed by a burn scar contribute to negative body image. Treatment of hypertrophic scars in the neck has been quite challenging if there is no intact tissue for local flaps. So application of full-thickness skin grafts could be of great value. We applied full-thickness grafts obtained from lower abdominal skin for treatment of severe neck contractures in four patients when other treatment modalities such as local flaps could not be used. Full-thickness skin graft of the neck is a safe and reliable treatment option with fairly good functional and aesthetic results. It has little donor site morbidity in spite of providing a large surface area of full-thickness skin. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3747 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3747/3722

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 314 318 EN Ali Zamani Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mamak Shariat Department of Maternal & Child Health Specialist, Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zohreh Oloomi Yazdi Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahla Bahremand Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parvin Akbari Asbagh Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Afshin Dejakam Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Iron deficiency can cause cognitive and functional learning disorders in children. Some studies have reported a relationship between low serum ferritin levels in patients with anemia and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between these two common diseases. This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed to assess serum ferritin levels and H. pylori antibody titers (IgG) among 6-12 year old healthy primary school children in Tehran during the academic year 2005-2006. Specimen collection was done by cluster and randomization methods (multistage sampling). Personal information and laboratory results were compiled in questionnaires and data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics via SPSS software. 165 primary school children (43% boys, 57% girls) with mean age 9.2 ± 1.5 years were enrolled in the study. H. pylori IgG antibody titer was positive in 26% of cases with mean values of 0.79 ± 0.42 units in boys and 0.75 ± 0.39 units in girls, which showed a significant statistical difference (P=0.004). H. pylori infection was more common among children of large families or those with low economic status (P=0.002). 29% of children had low serum ferritin levels. Out of the children with low serum ferritin levels, 71% and 28% had negative and positive anti H. pylori antibody titers (IgG levels), respectively. Also, 296 children (25%) with normal ferritin levels had H. pylori infection. We did not find a significant relationship between H. pylori infection and low serum ferritin levels or iron deficiency anemia. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3748 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3748/3723

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 319 324 EN Mohammad Mohammadi Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center. AND Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Rasool Mofid Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Tissue-engineered gingival graft was used for regenerating facial gingiva around an implant at lower left first premolar area with insufficient attached gingiva. Engineered gingival graft was produced by mixing 250 ml bovine skin collagen with 250 ml nutritional medium containing human gingival fibroblasts (2×105). 3 months post-surgery, there were gains in the attached gingiva compared to pre-surgery. The histological examination revealed a keratinized tissue on the treated site. Based on the result of this investigation, this graft was safe and capable of generating keratinized gingiva. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3749 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3749/3724

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 325 326 EN Abdolreza Soudbakhsh Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Roham Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Emadi Kochak Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Willi McFarland University of California, San Francisco, USA. 2015 09 28 We report a rare case of brucellosis presenting with pleural and pericardial effusions in a 35 year-old male rancher in Iran with fever and dyspnea. Such findings should prompt inclusion of brucellosis in the differential diagnosis in endemic areas. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3750 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3750/3725

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 49 5 2011 05 15 327 330 EN Mostafa Behjatiardakani Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yazd University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran. Mansour Rafiei Department of Cardiovascular, Yazd University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran. Hossein Nough Department of Cardiovascular, Yazd University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran. Reza Rafiei Department of Cardiovascular, Yazd University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran. 2015 09 28 Lutembacher syndrome refers to the rare combination of a congenital atrial septal defect and acquired mitral stenosis. Traditionally, Lutembacher syndrome has been corrected by surgical treatment. We describe two patients treated percutaneouly with a combined Inoue balloon valvuloplasty and septal defect closure using the Amplatzer septal occlusion device. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3751 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3751/3726