Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 3 2013 03 15 141 147 EN Mahnaz Khanavi Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Iranian Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nafiseh Khosravi Dehaghi Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Sanei Dehkordi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Hadjiakhoondi Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Hadjiakhoondi Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Malaria is considered a major health problem in Iran. There are different methods for vector control. In this study we tested the larvicidal effects of some Iranian plants. The methanolic extracts of 11 plants were prepared with percolation method. The larvicidal activities of them against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi were studied using World Health Organization standard method. All LC50 values of methanolic extracts of plants that we screened were lower than 300 ppm. The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Lawsonia inermis and Stachys byzantina showed high larvicidal activity with LC50 values 69.40 ppm and 103.28 ppm respectively. The results obtained from this study suggest that the methanolic extracts of these plants have larvicidal effects against Anopheles stephensi larvae and could be useful in the search for new natural larvicidal compounds. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4474 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4474/4403

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 3 2013 03 15 148 152 EN Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad Department of Infectious Disease, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sirous Jafari Department of Infectious Disease, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahnaz Montazeri Department of Infectious Disease, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Mohseni Department of Infectious Disease, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Foroughi Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Banafsheh Moradmand Badie Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Minoo Saatian Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sayed Mahdi Marashi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Talat Mokhtari Azad Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 The serious influenza-associated complications among immunodeficient individuals such as those who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), highlights the importance of influenza vaccination in these people. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the antibody responses to influenza vaccine in this group. Two hundred subjects were recruited, during autumn 2010 and 2011, to receive, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine consisting of A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B strains. Hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to measure the antibody titer against all strains of the vaccine prior and one month post vaccination. Seroconversion rate for A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B were found to be 58.5%, 67% and 64.5%, respectively. No correlation was found between antibody titer and demographics factors such as age and gender; however, we found a significant correlation between antibody titer and CD4 cell count. Checking the local and systemic reactions after vaccination, the pain on the injection site and myalgia were the most common local and systemic reactions with 20% and 6.5%, respectively. As vaccination with influenza mount considerable antibody responses in HIV-infected patients, annual influenza vaccination seems to be rational in order to prevent or reduce the severe clinical complications induced by influenza virus. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4473 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4473/4407

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 3 2013 03 15 153 156 EN Monireh Rahimkhani Department of Lab Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nahid Einollahi Department of Lab Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Khavari Daneshvar Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nasrin Dashti Department of Lab Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Procalcitonin (PCT) is a prohormone that has been used as a marker for the diagnosis of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to survey PCT levels in patients with cirrhosis. Sixty-four patients with hepatic cirrhosis and 32 healthy blood donors were enrolled in this study. Serum PCT levels was detected using immunoluminometric assay. The rate of positive PCT was higher in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis (92.8%) than the other groups. Among other cirrhotic patients, positive PCT levels were 77% for hepatitis B, 70% for cancer and 53.3% for unknown groups respectively. Serum procalcitonin levels were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infection (2.65±1.11 ng/ml) than those without infection (0.59±0.16 ng/ml, P=0.0001). PCT assay in cirrhotic patients may help diagnosis of sepsis and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4472 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4472/4411

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 3 2013 03 15 157 162 EN Farshid Arbabi-Kalati Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Tehran Universityof Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Arbabi-Kalati Department of Oral Medicine ,Genetic of Non Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Tahora Moridi Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 2015 10 11 Radiotherapy in the head and neck region and chemotherapy might give rise to oral mucositis which is a severe and painful inflammation. There is no known definite cure for mucositis. A number of studies have attempted to evaluate the effect of low-power laser on radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-induced mucositis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of low-power laser on the prevention of mucositis, xerostomia and pain as a result of chemotherapy. The subjects in this double-blind randomized controlled study were 24 adult patients who underwent chemotherapy during 2009-2010. The results showed that low-power laser was able to decrease the effect of chemotherapy on oral mucositis, xerostomia and pain in a variety of malignancies (P<0.05). It can be concluded that low-power laser might decrease the intensity of mucositis. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4471 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4471/4421

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 3 2013 03 15 163 167 EN Heydar Noroozinia Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Training Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Alireza Mahoori Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Training Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Ebrahim Hasani Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Training Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Mohsen Gerami-Fahim Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Training Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Nariman Sepehrvand Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Training Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. 2015 10 11 Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common postoperative complications. Aside from pharmacological interventions, other complementary healing modalities have been introduced to assist patients in decreasing PONV and improving postoperative outcomes. This study examined acupressure as a safe complement to the more traditional approach of using drugs to prevent and/or relieve nausea and vomiting in the Cesarean section (C/S) under spinal anesthesia. In a prospective randomized clinical trial, 152 patients who were candidate for elective C/S under spinal anesthesia were evaluated in two groups (acupressure vs control groups). Subjects in the acupressure group received constant pressure by a specific wrist elastic band (without puncture of the skin) on the Nei-Guan acupuncture point, 30 min prior to spinal anesthesia. The incidence of PONV was assessed during the surgery, at recovery room and at 1st, 2nd and 3rd two hours after the surgery. Significant differences in the incidence of the post-operative nausea and vomiting were found between the acupressure and control groups, with a reduction in the incidence rate of nausea from 35.5% to 13.2%. The amount of vomitus and the degree of discomfort were, respectively, less and lower in the study group. In view of the total absence of side-effects in acupressure, its application is worthy. Our study confirmed the effectiveness of acupressure in preventing post-operative nausea and vomiting, when applied 30 minutes prior to surgery. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4470 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4470/4433

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 3 2013 03 15 168 171 EN Parisa Adimi Naghan Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Majid Malekmohammad Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamidreza Jamaati Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran. Babak Sharifkashani Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arvin Najafi Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of venous thromboembolism among critically ill medical surgical patients. In this cross sectional and retrospective study, we observed 243 patients who were first admitted at the intensive care unit. Patients who were diagnosed with deep venous thrombosis or embolism either by clinical or paraclinical methods were enrolled. Among 243 patients of ICU ward 12 cases of them were confirmed to have thromboembolism (prevalence of 9.4%).But the incidence of venous thromboembolism after 48 hour of ICU admission was 5.2%(6 cases). Among 6 VTE cases 3 of them didn't receive any anticoagulant prophylaxis, 2 patients received LDUH 5000 unit twice a day and one patient received LMWH 60 mg daily but all developed VTE although receiving prophylaxis. We found that the prevalence of proximal lower limb DVT among medical-surgical critically ill patients remaining in the ICU for ≥3 days is about 9.4% and the incidence of that is about 5.2%. Further studies should be performed in order to assess the benefits and risks of venous thromboprophylaxis in Iranian patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4469 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4469/4442

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 3 2013 03 15 172 177 EN Ali Zare-Mirzaie Department of Pathology, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Abolhasani Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Atefeh Aryamanesh General Practitioner, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Through risk assessment of malignancy in polyps, screening programs can achieve the best results. This study aimed to determine the association between the grade of dysplasia and the location of colorectal polyps. 240 colorectal adenomatous polyps which were referred to department of pathology at Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital between 2005 and 2009 met the inclusion criteria. Demographic data and information about size of polyps, grade of dysplasia and location of polyps were collected an, and wires were assessed. The success rate was 79.6%, and presence of calcification was an important factor in CTO PCI. Operator's experience, use of appropriate equipment and calcification are important factors in predicting a successful PCI. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4914 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4914/4359

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 53 3 2015 03 15 177 181 EN Narges Sharifinia Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Javad Rafinejad Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sadegh Chinikar Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Norayer Piazak Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Mojgan Baniardalan Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Akbar Biglarian Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWRS), Tehran, Iran. Farhad Sharifinia Veterinary Administration, DarrehShahr County, Iran. 2015 10 11 Ticks are vectors of some important arthropod-borne diseases in both fields of veterinary and medicine, such as Lyme, tularemia, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and some types of encephalitis as well as Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Iran is known as one of the main foci of CCHF in west of Asia. This study was conducted in DarrehShahr County because of the development of animal husbandry in this area to detect the fauna and viral infection of the hard ticks of livestock. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2011-2012 with random sampling in four villages. A sample of ticks was subjected to RT-PCR method for detection of viral infection. During the study period, 592 Ixodidae ticks were collected and identified as seven species of Hyalomma asiaticum, Hy. marginatum, Hy. anatolicum, Hy. dromedarii, Hy. detritum, Rhipicephalus bursa and Rh. sanguineus. More than 20% of these ticks were examined to detect the genome of CCHF virus while 6.6% were positive. All species of Hyalomma were found to be positive. A high rate of livestock was found to be infected with hard ticks, which can act as the vectors of the CCHF disease. Regarding infection of all five Hyalomma species captured in this area, this genus should be considered as the main vector of CCHF. Planning control program can be performed based on the obtained data on seasonal activity of Ixodidae to prevent animal infestation as well as to reduce the risk of CCHF transmission. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4913 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4913/4363

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 53 3 2015 03 15 182 185 EN Ebrahim Ameri Department of Spine Surgery, Shafa Yahyaeian Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Behtash Department of Spine Surgery, Rasoole Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bahram Mobini Department of Spine Surgery, Shafa Yahyaeian Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ariasb Daraie Department of Spine Surgery, Shafa Yahyaeian Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was one of the major concerns of spinal surgeons since the evolution of surgical correction techniques. In this respect, many tried to identify which criteria denote more rigid curve. In the present study, we aimed toward determining important factors influencing AIS curve flexibility on supine bending films. We assessed radiographs of 100 patients with AIS for direction of curves, number of involved vertebrae, apical vertebral translation and rotation, magnitude of main thoracic curve and T5-T12 kyphosis. Statistical analysis performed via stepwise linear regression model with these variables plus age and sex against flexibility index. According to regression analysis, there was a clear relationship between flexibility indexes (FI) and magnitude of main thoracic curve at all (P<0.001). When we consider flexible curves (FI>50%) against rigid curves, apical vertebral rotation was a major determinant of curve flexibility also (P<0.001). Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves with larger Cobb's angle and apical vertebral rotation show less flexibility on supine bending films. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4912 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4912/4370

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 53 3 2015 03 15 186 190 EN Iman Eftekharzadeh-Mashhadi Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran. Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran. Farhad Fathimoghadam Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran. Hamid Reza Bidkhori Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran. Seyed Khosro Shamsian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran. 2015 10 11 Anemia is one of the main conditions that impose an adverse impact on the socioeconomic state of any country; however, evidence on the prevalence of anemia is scant in Northeastern Iran. This study was conducted to determine the overall and age- and sex-specific prevalence of anemia in the city of Mashhad, Iran. In a cross-sectional, population-based survey, 1675 individuals aged 1-90 years (29.1±18.5 years) were selected from approximately 2.4 million residents by a multistage cluster sampling method during May to September 2009. Blood samples were evaluated to determine erythrocyte indices and anemia was defined according to hemoglobin (Hb) levels based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The prevalence of anemia was 9.7% with considerable difference between both sexes; 6.2% and 12.7% in males and females, respectively (P<0.001). The higher prevalence of anemia was detected in females of 15-54 and ≥ 65 years old (16% and 12.5%, respectively). However, the higher rates were observed in males 65 years and older as well as boys below 5 years old (16.3% and 14.6%, respectively). Current findings show that anemia is a considerable public health problem in the population of Mashhad, Iran, especially among the pre-school children, adult women and the elderly. Great attention should be paid to the pre-school boys who are more affected by anemia than what was previously assumed. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4911 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4911/4379

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 53 3 2015 03 15 191 194 EN Feridoun Sabzi Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Imam Ali Heart Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Hosein Karim Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Imam Ali Heart Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Behzad Heydar Pour Department of Physical Medicine, Imam Ali Hospital , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Reza Faraji Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2015 10 11 Cerebral venous thrombosis, including thrombosis of cerebral veins and major dural sinuses, is an uncommon disorder in the general population. However, it has a higher frequency among patients younger than 40 years of age, patients with thrombophilia, pregnant patients or those receiving hormonal contraceptive therapy or has foreign body such as catheter in their veins or arterial system. In this case report, we described clinical and radiological findings in a patient with protein C-S deficiency and malposition of central vein catheter. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4910 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4910/4383

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 53 3 2015 03 15 195 197 EN Samia Hannanachi Sassi Department of Pathology, Salah Azaeiz Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Rim Dhouib Department of Pathology, Salah Azaeiz Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Fatma Kanchal Department of Pathology, Salah Azaeiz Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Raoudha Doghri Department of Pathology, Salah Azaeiz Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Nadia Boujelbene Department of Pathology, Salah Azaeiz Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Hedi Bouguila Department of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Karima Mrad Department of Pathology, Salah Azaeiz Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. 2015 10 11 Ocular involvement is seen in approximately 25% of patients with sarcoidosis. Uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation, but sarcoidosis may involve any part of the eye. Orbital manifestations of sarcoidosis are uncommon with few series in the literature. A 65-year-old woman presented with redness of the right eye and painless, unilateral eyelid swelling. Orbital scanning revealed mass infiltrating the soft tissue of the inferior right orbital quadrant. Biopsy results showed nodular, noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. The complete systemic workup revealed systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis at the time of examination with hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathies noted on CT scan. The orbital surgical treatment was followed by systemic prednisone therapy with good response. Although rare, orbital sarcoidosis must be considered in the evaluation of orbital tumors in elderly patients. A search for systemic findings should be undertaken and appropriate therapy should be instituted. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4909 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4909/4389

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 53 3 2015 03 15 4908 4908 EN Kieran Walsh BMJ Publishing Group Institute, London, England. 2015