Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 2 2013 02 15 75 86 EN Mana Oloomi Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Najmeh Yardehnavi Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Saeid Bouzari Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Neda Moazzezy Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Breast carcinoma is the major cause of cancer-related death in women. The incidence of this carcinoma is rising and there are many attempts to decrease this problem. The aim of this study was detection of full-length cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA, in peripheral blood and tissue of breast cancer patients in early stage of cancer. In this study, RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) technique was used for detection of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood and tissue of breast cancer patients. Primers were established to amplify the CK19 as a tumor marker. Moreover, CYFRA 21-1 subunit of CK19 protein was measured in the serum of patients. CK19 mRNA was detected and sequenced. It is shown that the most released CK19 mRNAs in blood and tissue of cancer patients are non-coding RNA. The mutated forms of mRNA are the incomplete transcripts of protein-coding gene as a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that could regulate gene expression. Moreover, small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) as fragments of CK19 is mostly observed in this experiment. They may play a role in tumorogenesis and their biologic exact function in breast cancer should be further elucidated. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4485 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4485/4293

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 2 2013 02 15 87 93 EN Moneyreh Modares Mosadegh Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Seyed Mahmood Sadr Bafghi Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2015 10 11 Heparin has an unpredictable pharmacokinetics and the responses of individuals may vary distinctly. Therefore, different dosing nomograms have been proposed. The aim of this study was to compare two prevalent nomograms to adjust heparin doses in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome.  One hundred and forty patients received heparin infusions based on one of two nomograms. Group 1 received a bolus of 80 U/Kg/h and an initial infusion rate of 17 U/Kg/h. In the second group, a bolus of 60 U/Kg (maximum of 4000 U) and an initial infusion rate of 12 U/Kg/h (maximum of 900U/h) was given. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was measured at the beginning and every 6 h for 48 hours. The rate of heparin was changed according to each nomogram in order to maintain aPTT in the therapeutic level of 46-70 s. The time to pass threshold was on average 7.63±3.95 h for nomogram 1 and 11.05±4.41 h for the second nomogram (P<0.001). At 48 hours, the proportion of patients in the therapeutic range in group 1 was higher (72.86% vs 45.71%). The time patients stayed at the desired levels was significantly higher in nomogram 1 and they also required fewer heparin rate adjustments (3.41±1.55 vs 4.53±1.63). This study indicated that using nomogram 1 facilitated a more rapid achievement of the therapeutic threshold, higher proportion of patients in the therapeutic range for a longer time, and fewer changes of in the heparin rate. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4484 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4484/4311

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 2 2013 02 15 94 100 EN Fatemeh Ezoddini Ardakani Department of Oral and Maxillofacial of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mohammad Bagher Owlia Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Samaneh Hesami Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Pouran Hosseini Research Assistant, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2015 10 11 This study was aimed to investigate the use of panoramic radiography in patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) in order to diagnose and prevent osteoporotic fractures. Panoramic radiographs of 60 patients  (20 men and 40 women) aged from 40 to 70 years with cortical thicknesses of less than 3 mm in the mandibular angle were selected from patients referred to a dentomaxillofacial radiology clinic and were then examined for mandibular cortical angles. These were measured using Computed Radiography (CR) software. The bone densitometry was carried out using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Cortical thicknesses at the lower border of the mandibles were also measured by panoramic radiographs. Statistics analyses were then undertaken using Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In most cases, no significant difference in mandibular angle cortical thickness was found between those patients with a normal BMD and those patients with a lowered BMD (P=0.621). There was a relationship between the cortical thicknesses of the mandibular lower border, and vertebral and femoral BMD (P<0.0001), and there was a significant difference between the thickness of the mandibular lower border and BMD. The results of this study also revealed a new marker of osteoporosis on the mandibular lower border under the third molar. A thickness of 2.80 mm of the mandibular lower border was detected as a threshold for the measurement of bone densitometry in the chosen Iranian population. Panoramic radiography is effective for screening patients who are at risk of having decreased bone mineral density. Patients with a threshold of 2.80 mm thickness of the mandibular lower border should be considered as individuals likely to have osteoporosis associated low bone density. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4483 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4483/4316

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 2 2013 02 15 101 106 EN Mohsen Rostami Sports Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Amir Hosein Abedi Yekta Sports Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Pardis Noormohammadpour Sports Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzin Farahbakhsh Sports Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Mahboobeh Kordi Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Ramin Kordi Sports Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 In light of provided progresses in ultrasound measurements of lateral abdominal muscles, an important role for these muscles, particularly transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle in stability of the spine has been suggested. Some authors have found significant correlations between body mass index (BMI) and thickness of these muscles. The aim of this study was to examine possible association between different methods of measurements of fatness and lateral abdominal muscles thicknesses, employing ultrasound imaging in healthy subjects. Ninety healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 38 (mean= 31.37, standard deviation=5.09) who met our inclusion criteria participated in this study. BMI, skin fold thickness, weight and waist circumference were assumed as the major outcomes for measurement of fatness of the subjects. Employing ultrasound measurements, the thickness of TrA, internal oblique (Int Obl) and external oblique (Ext Obl) muscles were also measured. We found positive significant relation between Ext Obl muscle thickness and all methods of measurements of fatness. Reversely, the results show that Int Obl muscle thickness significantly decreases with the rise of all methods of fatness measurement except weight which had no significant correlation with Int Obl thickness. No significant relation between the TrA muscle thickness and different measurements of the fatness of the subjects were found. In the studies investigate the thickness of lateral abdominal muscles; the authors try to match the participants of different groups of their study regarding the BMI. We found that both waist circumference and skin fold thickness measurements might be assumed as surrogate of BMI, in aim of matching the participants on Ext Obl muscle thickness. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4482 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4482/4337

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 2 2013 02 15 107 112 EN Behnoush Kamali Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fahimeh Hajiabolhassan Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jamileh Fatahi Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ensieh Nasli Esfahani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Javad Sarrafzadeh Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Soghrat Faghihzadeh Department of Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Diabetes mellitus type Ι is a metabolic disorder that affects multiple systems including the inner ear. Patients with diabetes mellitus commonly complain about dizziness, floating sensation, tinnitus and sweating. The aim of this study was to compare vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) between diabetic patients with or without neuropathy. Subjects included 14 patients with diabetes mellitus type Ι with polyneuropathy, 10 patients with diabetes mellitus type Ι without polyneuropathy and 24 healthy volunteers. Range of age in participants was 15-40 years old. The VEMPs were recorded with 500 Hz tone bursts with intensity at 95 dB. There was statistically significant difference between the groups in P13 and N23 latencies (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in absolute and relative amplitudes. Prolonged latencies of the VEMP suggest lesions in the retrolabyrinthine, especially in the vestibulospinal tract. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4481 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4481/4343

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 2 2013 02 15 113 118 EN Ali Moghtaderi Department of Neurology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Roya Alavi-Naini Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Saideh Rashki Department of Neurology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 2015 10 11 Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) cause substantial mortality and morbidity in both children and adults. Identification of poor prognostic factors at patient's admission could prepare physicians for more aggressive monitoring of patients with meningitis. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of neurological features to differentiate ABM and TBM. A retrospective study was conducted between patients affected with ABM or TBM admitted to three teaching hospitals during the last 14 years in Zahedan the central city of Sistan and Balouchestan province (Iran). The neurological features include seizure, level of consciousness, stroke, focal neurologic deficit and cranial nerve palsy at the time of admission. Mean age for patients with TBM and ABM were 41 ± 22.4 and 24 ± 18.5 years respectively. In univariate analysis, all measured variables revealed significant difference between ABM and TBM patients except for seizure episodes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed positive predictive effect of cranial nerve palsy (AOR=1.980, CI 95%: 1.161-3.376) on the diagnosis of TBM. In our study cranial nerve palsies was the most important neurological predictor factor to differentiate TBM from ABM. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4480 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4480/4354

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 51 2 2013 02 15 119 124 EN Ali Akbar Rashidi Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Ali Reza Soleimani Kashan Dialysis Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Hassan Nikoueinejad Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Shokooh Sarbolouki Kashan Dialysis Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. 2015 10 11 Malnutrition and inflammation are the most important causes of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of increase in hemodialysis frequency on C-reactive protein (CRP) level and nutritional markers in contrast to previous routine method. 18 hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 53±16 years were randomly selected in this before-and-after clinical trial. The patients under a standard hemodialysis of 3 times/4 h per week were converted to 4 times/4 h for a period of 6 weeks. The CRP, albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL serum levels, anthropometric indices and 24-h diet recall intake was assessed before and after of the period. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, and P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. All patients completed the study. Mean weight, body mass index and serum albumin increased while serum CRP level decreased significantly after the intervention (P<0.03). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, as well as energy, protein and fat intake had no significant change before and after the study. Increase in dialysis frequency decreased systemic inflammation and improved the nutritional state of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it may decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in these patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/arow transplantation research center. Baseline information and also data related to fever and neutropenia, patient's outcomes, duration of hospitalization and antibiotic use pattern were documented.A total of 195 patients were analyzed and a total of 268 febrile episodes in 180 patients were recorded (mean 1.5 episodes per patient). About 222 episodes (82%) were associated with neutropenia which one-fourth of them were without any documented infection sources. Microbiologic documents showed that the relative frequencies of gram positive and gram negative bacteria were 62.5% and 37.5%, respectively. The hospital stay duration was directly related to the numbers of fever episodes (P<0.0001).The rate of febrile episodes in autologous stem cell transplantation was significantly higher compared to allogeneic type (P<0.05).It is necessary to determine not only the local profile of microbiologic pattern, but also antibiotic sensitivities in febrile neutropenic patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and reassess response to antibiotic treatment to establish any necessity for modifications to treatment guidelines in order to prevent any fatal complications from infection. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4742 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4742/4563

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 1 2014 01 15 43 45 EN Siamak Afshinmajd Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Ali Davati Department of Social Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Afshin Ahmadvand Department of Psychiatry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Farhad Modara Department of Neurology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Masoud Moghaddamnia Department of Psychiatry, Shahed University,Tehran , Iran. Moslem Jaberian Physician, Graduated from Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Lumbar puncture (LP) is a procedure for obtaining spinal fluid from spinal meningeal spaces this can be done as a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure which can result in to a typical positional headache named as post lumbar puncture headache .This can cause a lot of discomforts for patients and makes fear from the procedure. This study designed to evaluate the effect of resting position after LP on post lumbar puncture headache (PLPH). Patients who had a diagnostic lumbar puncture were divided randomly in two groups .Group A patients had one hour rest in the supine position while group B patients had one hour rest in the prone position. Both groups followed for appearance of symptoms of PLPH for 5 days. 119 patients completed the study, 57 (48%) male patients and 62 (52%) female .PLPH totally appeared in 38 (31.9%) patients .In the group A PLPH was present in 20 patients whereas in group B it was present in 18 patients. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between two groups (P>0.07). Position of rest after LP has no significant effect on reducing post lumbar puncture headache and there is no need to emphasize on position of rest after LP. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4740 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4740/4564

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 1 2014 01 15 46 48 EN Fatemeh Davari-Tanha Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology & Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Batool Hosseini Rashidi Department of OBS&GYN& Reproductive Endocrinology, Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahsa Ghajarzadeh Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Ali Noorbala Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO). One hundred and ten women with definite diagnosis of PCO and one hundred and ten age-matched infertile women due to other reasons except for PCO were enrolled in this case-control study. Ten ml fasting venous blood sample obtained to measure fasting glucose, LH and FSH. Height, weight and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were also recorded by an expert technician. A psychiatrist examined all 220 cases in order to determine the prevalence of depression and bipolarity. Mean age of each group participants were not significantly different while FBS, LH and LH/FSH levels were significantly higher in PCO patients. Eighty eight case were depressed in PCO group while 96 were depressed in control group (P=0.03). Bipolar disorder were higher in PCO group in comparison with controls (8 vs. 0, P=0.004). Psychiatric disorders should be considered in PCO women. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4738 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4738/4565

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 1 2014 01 15 49 51 EN Ahmad Ghanizadeh Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2015 10 11 This study examines the association of father's and mother's age with the severity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Participants are 470 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Moreover, parents reported the severity of ADHD symptoms through completing ADHD checklist. Mother's and father's age was associated with the score of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Lower father's age and advanced maternal age are associated with higher severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity in children and adolescents with ADHD. None of mothers' and fathers' age is associated with ADHD inattentiveness severity in children. Maternal and paternal education levels are not associated with ADHD severity. Older mothers and younger fathers have ADHD children with higher hyperactivity/impulsivity severity. It should be investigated whether the father's and mother's age are risk factors for ADHD. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4736 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4736/4566

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 1 2014 01 15 52 55 EN Melike Yüceege Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıd Educational and Research Hospital, Respiratory Medicine Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. Berrin Sanisoğlu Bağcılar Governmental Hospital, Respiratory Medicine Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey. Reha Baran Acıbadem Fulya Hospital, Respiratory Medicine Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey. 2015 10 11 The study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic differences between male and female patients in pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary 660 bedded Educational Respiratory Medicine Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. A retrospective study was conducted with the new diagnosed, 50 men and 50 female pulmonary tuberculous patients. Age, symptoms, personal history, radiologic and sputum smear findings were collected from their files. 44 male and 42 female patients were enrolled to the study. Male patients tended to be older, smoke more, get alcohol more, lose weight more and have sputum smear positivity more than the female patients. Neither the time of diagnosis nor the radiologic appearance differed statistically. The radiologic appearance, not the clinic symptoms, help to diagnose tuberculosis in female patients; especially in those with no weight loss and sputum smear negativity. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4734 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4734/4568

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