Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 6 2014 06 15 418 423 EN Hossein Ali Ghlichnia Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran, Iran. Abolghasem Kollaee Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Majid Gaffarpoor Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran, Iran. Abolfazl Movafagh Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Babak Ghlichnia Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran, Iran. Mahdi Zamani Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is a clinically heterogeneous disorder especially in terms of disease severity. Current investigations suggest that genes and gene-gene interactions not only influence on susceptibility to MS but also affect the disease severity. In this study, we investigated the contribution of the HLADRB1*1501 allele and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CD24 gene and also combined genotypes of the HLADRB1*1501 and CD24 SNP to disease severity in Iranian MS patients. We have reported previously that the HLA- DRB1*1501 allele and the CD24v/v genotype associated with disease susceptibility and some other studies proposed that HLA-DRB1*1501 allele be associated with MS severity. In this study, the results showed a significant difference in the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) of the nine different genotypes (F=2.838, P=0.007). Subsequent analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the MSSS between the MS patients who were carriers of HLA-DRB1*1501/1501 and those who were not carriers of HLA-DRB1*1501/1501 genotypes (P=0.04). Moreover, the MS patients carrying combined genotypes of the HLA- DRB1*1501/x-CD24 v/v had statistically severe disease than the patients who did not carry the HLA- DRB1*1501- CD24 v/v (P=0.047). In conclusion, our findings suggest that, HLA-DRB1*1501/1501 and bigenic genotypes of the HLA- DRB1*1501/x- CD24 v/v may influence on disease severity in Iranian MS patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4786 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4786/4452

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 6 2014 06 15 424 429 EN Mohammad Reza Pourmand Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Yousefi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Alireza Salami Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran Iran. Mohsen Amini Department of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide variety of infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is one of most common causes of nosocomial and community acquired infections. The fluoroquinolones are an important class of antibiotics that used to treat infections caused by S. aureus. Today, a significant increase in the rate of ciprofloxacin resistance in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains is concerning. The norA efflux pump is considered as contributors to antibiotic resistance. Here, we aimed to evaluate the expression of norA efflux pump in the presence of hexahydroquinoline derivative in methicillin and ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus. We were determined minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin and hexahydroquinoline derivative and their combination by broth microdilution method against ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus. The expression of the norA efflux pump gene was evaluated by quantitative Real-time PCR. This study showed that minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin in the presence of hexahydroquinoline derivative in comparison to ciprofloxacin were decreased. Quantitative Real-time PCR identified the increased expression of norA efflux pump gene in methicillin and ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus strain. The increased expression of norA efflux pump gene may have resulted in the effort of S. aureus to survive. The results showed that the hexahydroquinoline derivative enhanced the antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin against methicillin and ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus. Therefore, the derivatives may be used as inhibitors of antibiotic resistance for combination therapy. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4785 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4785/4453

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 6 2014 06 15 430 437 EN Marzieh Aghahosseini Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ashraf Aleyasin Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Habibeh Yekehtaz Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ladan Kashani Department of Infertility, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of adding low-dose hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), as an LH active supplement, to a GnRH antagonist protocol in patients undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. In this parallel-group randomized clinical trial, 137 infertile female outpatients aged 20 - 39 years were randomized into two groups: hCG group and non-hCG group. All patients received r-FSH (150-300 IU) and then a GnRH-antagonist, Cetrorelix (0.25 mg/day). Concomitantly with Cetrorelix, patients in the hCG group received low-dose hCG (200 IU daily), but the patients in the non-hCG group did not. 10,000 IU Urinary hCG (10,000 IU) was injected to all patients, and ICSI was performed after oocyte retrieval. The primary outcome of this study was comparing the pregnancy rates between two study groups. Other differences between two groups such as serum estradiol concentration, fertilization rate, etc. were considered as secondary outcomes. A total of 130 patients completed this trial. No significant difference was detected between pregnancy rates of the two groups (P=0.52) as well as the fertilization, implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates (P=0.11, P=0.75 and P=0.06 respectively). The only significant difference between two groups was a higher concentration of estradiol in the hCG-treated patients (P<0.05). HCG-treated patients experienced a shorter treatment duration and a lower r-FSH required dose than the non-hCG group, but none of these differences were statistically significant (P=0.19 and P=0.10, respectively). The findings of the current study did not support advantages of adding low-dose hCG to GnRH antagonist plus r-FSH protocol in an unselected population of patients. Well-designed trials with a larger sample size for specific patients' subgroups are warranted. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4784 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4784/4455

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 6 2014 06 15 438 442 EN Mahshid Talebi-Taher Department of Geriatric Medicine, Antimicrobial-Resistant Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. . Shahin Babazadeh Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mitra Barati Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, AND Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Latifnia Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Differentiating sepsis from other noninfectious causes of systemic inflammation is often difficult in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to identify elderly patients with sepsis. In this single center prospective observational study, we included all consecutive elderly patients admitted with suspected sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in an emergency department. Blood samples for measuring CRP, PCT, IL-6, ESR and white blood cells (WBC) count were taken at first day of admission. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each inflammatory markers being studied. A total of 150 elderly patients aged 65 and older, 50 with sepsis and 50 with SIRS, and fifty individuals in a normal health status were included. CRP exhibited the greatest sensitivity (98%) and negative predictive value (98.6%) and performed best in differentiating patients with sepsis from those with SIRS. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, IL-6 performed best in distinguishing between SIRS and the control group (AUC 0.75, 95% CI). On the other hand, both CRP and ESR appeared to be a more accurate diagnostic parameter for differentiating sepsis from SIRS among elderly patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4783 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4783/4457

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 6 2014 06 15 443 447 EN Ramji Lal Sahu Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, SMS&R, Sharda University U.P. New Delhi, India. Pratiksha Gupta Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, PGIMS &R ESIC, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India. 2015 10 11 Hoffa fracture is a rare injury consisting of unicondylar tangential posterior fracture of the distal femur and only very few cases have been reported in the literature. These fractures are due to high energy trauma and conservative treatment generally yields poor results, but rigid internal fixation allows early functional rehabilitation and decreases the incidence of complications. The purpose of the study was to prospectively analyse the clinico-radiological and functional outcome following open surgical treatment. From July 2005 to July 2010, 22 patients (14 males and 8 females) were recruited from Emergency and outpatient department having closed and open Hoffa fracture of the femoral condyle. All patients were operated under general or spinal anesthesia. Post-operatively, all the patients were followed for 12 months. Fractures were united in a mean time of 10 weeks (range from 6 - 16 weeks) depending on the type of fracture pattern. Fractures were reduced anatomically in all except in one patient. During follow-up, there were no losses of reduction or fixation. Full weight bearing were started in the mean time of 8.8 weeks. Mean duration of hospital stay were 9.8 days. Complications were stiffness and pain in one patient, collateral laxity in one patient and progression of arthritis in one patient. The results were excellent in 90.90% and good in 9.09% patients. Finally, we conclude that the early anatomical reduction and rigid fixation with screws provide best results and minimal complications. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4782 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4782/4458

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 6 2014 06 15 448 453 EN Raman Sharma Department of Hospital Administration, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India. Ravinder Yadav Department of Medical Records, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India. Meenakshi Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Faculty of Public Health, Chandigarh, India. Varinder Saini Department of Medical Records, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India. Vipin Koushal Department of Hospital Administration, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India. 2015 10 11 Tuberculosis is still one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Besides clinical impact, the disease affects the quality of life (QOL) too. With the rise of 21st century, multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR TB) has risen as a significant public health problem due to emergence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) drugs. This study was planned to analyze the impact of MDRTB on QOL. It was a six month analysis, with a sample size of 60 cases each of MDRTB and PTB. It was based on a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire using WHOQOL BREF scale.  Out of each group, 38 (63.33%) and 36 (60.0%) were in the 21-40 years of age groups, more than 60% married and were residing in the urban/urban slums. It was found that QoL of MDRTB patients was worse than PTB counterparts. The psychological and environmental domains (MDRTB vs. PTB 17.46 vs. 15.23 and 22.00 vs 18.91) were more affected as compared to physical and social domains (19.03 vs 20.05 and 7.88 vs 9.61) in MDRTB and PTB. Financially, MDRTB patients were worst suffers as compared to PTB as former were not being covered under any program, while both groups are affected socially due to social stigma attached with the disease. Thus, there is a need to design an applicable, reliable measure to better address the quality issues methodologically. This would further enable the health care professionals and management to devise relevant interventions to improve the quality of the patients, as well as the programme. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4781 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4781/4461

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 52 6 2014 06 15 454 457 EN Soghra Yassaei Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam Postgraduate Student, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Hossein Aghili Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran . Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei Department of Psychology, Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 11 Patient's preoccupations with perceived defect in appearance or excessive concern about minimal flaws are among diagnostic criteria of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Sufferers usually seek cosmetic procedures such as orthodontic treatment. T Rozita Jalilian Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nazanin Babaei Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Motamed Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Ebrahime Soltani Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behnaz Rasoolzadeh Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Motavasselian Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran. Nima Rezaei Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA. 2015 12 15 2016 03 04 Upper endoscopy is a common procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of upper digestive tract diseases. The increasing number of pediatric gastrointestinal procedures has led to increasing attention on the safety and efficacy of medications used for sedation during the procedure. This randomized blinded interventional study was designed to compare the effect of oral midazolam with intravenous (IV) midazolam as a sedative medication in 119 children undergoing endoscopy. The mean time to sedation was 2.2±0.7 in IV midazolam group and 30.9±0 in oral midazolam group which was statistically significant difference between two groups. Separation from parents in oral midazolam group was as follow: 2 patients were high resistant (3.5%), 2 patients were resisted first and then relaxed (3.5%) and 55 patients were separated from their parents without any resistance (93%); whereas in IV midazolam group, 8 patients were high resistant (13.3%), 29 patients were relatively resistant (48.3%) and 23 patients were separated from their parents without any resistance (38.3%) that shows significant differences between the two groups. In terms of patient comfort during endoscopy, there was also a significant difference between the two groups. In oral midazolam, group parents were more consent, compared with the other group. The present study showed that oral midazolam is a safe and effective sedation during upper endoscopy in pediatrics. Oral midazolam reducing patients' anxiety during separation from parents leads the easy use of endoscopy and comfort of patients during endoscopy as compared with IV midazolam. Oral or IV midazolam were not able to put most patients in deep sedation level. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/5272 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/5272/4834

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 54 9 2016 10 31 583 589 EN Seyed Nasser Ostad Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Poisoning Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Afsaneh Rajabi Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Rahim Khademi Agricultural Research and Natural Resources, Bushehr, Iran. Fatemeh Farjadmand Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Pharmaceutical Division, Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Mahdieh Eftekhari Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Hadjiakhoondi Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahnaz Khanavi Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 2015 10 06 2016 09 13 The genus Centaurea with an extensive background in Iranian traditional medicine represents more than 70 species in Iran that some of them are endemic to Iran. A variety of secondary metabolites has been isolated from this genus thus far. Sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids have been reported as main compounds of C.bruguierana. Methanolic extract and different fractions of the whole fruiting samples of Centaurea bruguierana ssp.belangerana (Asteraceae) were examined for cytotoxicity against various cell lines using MTT cytotoxicity assay in order to identify active fraction(s). The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of plant have demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against colon adenocarcinoma and breast ductal carcinoma cell lines, which chloroform fraction, exhibited the most potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against colon adenocarcinoma cell line, and therefore, can be considered as the potential fraction through main compounds of plant against the adenocarcinoma colon cancer cell line. Moreover, only chloroform fraction was moderately active against Swiss embryo fibroblast cell lines while the other fractions were nontoxic. To summarize, the chloroform fraction of C.bruguierana demonstrated better cytotoxic activity against all of the tested cell lines compared with the other fractions; and promisingly in some cases represented moderate to very good cytotoxicity that suggests more investigations about its phytochemical properties. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4263 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/4263/4835

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 54 9 2016 10 31 590 594 EN Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mojgan Rahimi Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Omid Nabavian Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Hossein Davarani Department of Emergency, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kassra Karvandian Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Kamalitabar Department of Educational Psychology, Member of Society of Psychology of Iran, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 22 2016 03 04 Critically ill patient transfer is potentially risky and may be lead to morbidity and mortality. Physicians' skill is very important for safe transport. We want to evaluate the effect of clinical course teaching on the promotion of physicians' abilities in the transport of critically ill patients. In an interventional study, 320 interns, male and female, were taught about patient transfer in two groups include in one day clinical course as the small group system (n=160) and other group the lecture base learning (n=160). In the clinical course, each participant under observation of an anesthesiologist in the operation room and ICU was acquainted with mask ventilation, intubation and learned to work with a defibrillator, infusion pump, portable ventilator and pulse oximeter. In lecture group, the anesthesiologist explained the topics by video and dummy. At the end of education course, the interns’ abilities were evaluated based on checklist method and scored by the project colleague in all educational items. Three hundred twenty interns, 122 males, and 198 females; were enrolled, two groups. The clinical course training caused improvements in the interns’ knowledge and abilities in intubation and use of the defibrillator and portable ventilator vs.lecture group significantly (P<0.005). The males were better than females in laryngoscopy, but the progress of the females was significantly better than males (P=0.003). The rate of adverse events was reduced significantly after clinical course teaching (P=0.041) Clinical course teaching could promote interns' clinical competencies in the transport of critically ill patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/5032 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/5032/4836

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 54 9 2016 10 31 595 599 EN Mohammad Reza Dehghanzadeh Baghaie-Pour Clinic, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. AND school of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Golrasteh Kholasehzadeh Department of Psychology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Masoumeh Birjandi Nursing and Midwifery School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ensieh Antikchi Baghaie-Pour Clinic, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. AND Department of Psychology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mohamad Reza Sobhan Department of Orthopedics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Hossein Neamatzadeh Nursing and Midwifery School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Geriatric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2015 11 19 2016 02 21 Nurses are full partners with other health care professionals. Until fairly recently the scope of nurses potential in entrepreneurship has not been widely recognized. The present study tries to evaluate entrepreneurship psychological characteristics among nurses. The survey instrument included scales measuring entrepreneurship psychological characteristics including locus of control, need for achievement, risk taking propensity, ambiguity tolerance, and innovation, among nurses in the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran in 2013. In this study average of entrepreneurship psychological characteristics of nurses which are higher than standard mark. The majority of the nurses have average entrepreneurship (20.4%). It means that they have some strong entrepreneurship. The result show that average of the need for achievement is 34.5%, the locus of control 33.8%, risk taking propensity 33.2%, ambiguity tolerance 34.2%, and innovation 41.6%. The results indicate that the 4 dimensions of the need for achievement, risk taking, Ambiguity Tolerance, and Innovation were significant. However, the locus of control is not significant at a 0.05 significance level. In terms, entrepreneurially nurses are comparatively more innovative, have risk taking attitudes, need for achievement, Ambiguity Tolerance, and Innovation. Results largely support significant positive relationships between psychological traits and entrepreneurial orientations. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/5162 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/5162/4837

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 54 9 2016 10 31 600 604 EN Shervin Farahmand Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim Jalili Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mona Arbab Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mojtaba Sedaghat Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mandana Shirazi Department of Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Keshmiri Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arsalan Azizpour Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Somayeh Valadkhani Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shahram Bagheri-Hariri Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 22 2016 03 05 Distance learning is expanding and replacing the traditional academic medical settings. Managing trauma patients seems to be a prerequisite skill for medical students. This study has been done to evaluate the efficiency of distance learning on performing the initial assessment and management in trauma patients, compared with the traditional learning among senior medical students. One hundred and twenty senior medical students enrolled in this single-blind quasi-experimental study and were equally divided into the experimental (distance learning) and control group (traditional learning). All participants did a written MCQ before the study. The control group attended a workshop with a 50-minute lecture on initial management of trauma patients and a case simulation scenario followed by a hands-on session. On the other hand, the experimental group was given a DVD with a similar 50-minute lecture and a case simulation scenario, and they also attended a hands-on session to practice the skills. Both groups were evaluated by a trauma station in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) after a month. The performance in the experimental group was statistically better (P=0.001) in OSCE. Distance learning seems to be an appropriate adjunct to traditional learning. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/5034 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/5034/4838

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 54 9 2016 10 31 605 609 EN Hamidreza Abtahi Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Advanced Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Soheil Peiman Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Advanced Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AND Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Morteza Foroumandi Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E