Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 55 3 2017 03 06 142 143 EN Babak Arjmand Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bagher Larijani Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 02 08 2017 02 08 No Abstract https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6210 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6210/4919

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 55 3 2017 03 06 144 149 EN Babak Arjmand Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parisa Goodarzi Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fereshteh Mohamadi-Jahani Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Khadijeh Falahzadeh Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bagher Larijani Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 02 08 2017 02 08 Personalized medicine as a novel field of medicine refers to the prescription of specific therapeutics procedure for an individual. This approach has established based on pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic information and data. The terms precision and personalized medicines are sometimes applied interchangeably. However, there has been a shift from “personalized medicine” towards “precision medicine”. Although personalized medicine emerged from pharmacogenetics, nowadays it covers many fields of healthcare. Accordingly, regenerative medicine and cellular therapy as the new fields of medicine use cell-based products in order to develop personalized treatments. Different sources of stem cells including mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been considered in targeted therapies which could give many advantages. iPSCs as the novel and individual pluripotent stem cells have been introduced as the appropriate candidates for personalized cell therapies. Cellular therapies can provide a personalized approach. Because of person-to-person and population differences in the result of stem cell therapy, individualized cellular therapy must be adjusted according to the patient specific profile, in order to achieve best therapeutic results and outcomes. Several factors should be considered to achieve personalized stem cells therapy such as, recipient factors, donor factors, and the overall body environment in which the stem cells could be active and functional. In addition to these factors, the source of stem cells must be carefully chosen based on functional and physical criteria that lead to optimal outcomes. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6212 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6212/4913

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 55 3 2017 03 06 150 165 EN Somayeh Mirsadeghi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bagher Larijani Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 02 08 2017 02 08 Personalized medicine aims is to supply the proper drug to the proper patient within the right dose. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is to recognize genetic variants that may influence drug efficacy and toxicity. All things considered, the fields cover a wide area, including basic drug discovery researches, the genetic origin of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, novel drug improvement, patient genetic assessment and clinical patient administration. At last, the objective of Pharmacogenomics is to anticipate a patient’s genetic response to a particular drug as a way of presenting the best possible medical treatment. By predicting the drug response of an individual, it will be possible to increase the success of therapies and decrease the incidence of adverse side effect. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6211 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6211/4912

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 55 3 2017 03 06 166 174 EN Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mandana Hasanzad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad Univeristy, Tehran, Iran. Bagher Larijani Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 02 08 2017 02 08 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as a public health problem and increasingly prevalent illness. Key elements of the guideline for diabetes care are based on evidence-based medicine approach and apply for population, not individuals. However, individualized care can improve diabetes management. Personalized medicine is otherwise called precision medicine tries to find better prediction, prevention, and intervention for T2DM individuals. Precision medicine in diabetes refers to the utility of genomics data of a patient with diabetes to provide the most effective diagnosis strategies and treatment plans. Over 100 genetic loci influence susceptibility to T2DM. Genomics data together with the potential of other “Omics” and clinical evidence-based data will lead to diabetes care improvement in the context of personalized medicine in the near future. Breakthrough of technologies enables much greater improvements in the understanding of individual variations that may alter the T2DM outcome. This article represents a comprehensive review of current knowledge on the impact of personalized medicine in T2DM. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6214 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6214/4914

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 55 3 2017 03 06 175 193 EN Fatemeh Khatami Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Reza Aghayan Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Sanaei Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ramin Heshmat Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Tavangar Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bagher Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 02 08 2017 02 08 Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) recognition and characterization in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer have proven practical and predictive value in different studies. However, the clinical significance of CTCs enumeration and molecular characterization in thepersonalization of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment remains under the debate. A literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was performed from October 1990 to June 2016 for studies which evaluating CTCs and its association with clinical and pathological characteristics and medical outcome in the field of breast cancer personalization for both diagnosis and treatment categories. The treatment outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) or relapse in different patients. Sixty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The sample size varies from 1 to 2026. Median follow-up was 15 months (range 3-27). Different molecular techniques have been applied toresearch, but they mostly are based on CTCs enrichment and then detection by using FDA-approved Cell SearchTM. By far the most studies define CTCs as cytokeratins (CK) positive and CD45 negative cells. Despite the differences in methodology, twenty-eight studies for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis were mainly focused on CTCs isolation and enumeration.Forty-threeresearches were about CTCs count and exact molecular characterization. In the way of precision treatment, CTCs detection before starting the first-line of therapy or during therapy in breast cancer patients is extremely valuable, but in the way of precision medicine it should be supported with some molecular characteristics of CTCs like CTCs phenotypic changes, gene expression analysis of CTCs and molecular characteristics of CTCs. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6213 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6213/4915

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 55 3 2017 03 06 194 199 EN Ali Hosseini Bereshneh Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Morshedi Department of Genetics, School of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Mahsa Hematyar Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Arastoo Kaki Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Garshasbi Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 2017 02 08 2017 02 13 Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a progressive, fatal disease with a high degree of malignancy. More than 40000 peoplediefrom this cancer annually in the United States. As a multifactorial condition, PC has a complex nature, and there are several genes and signalingpathwaysimplicated in PC pathogenesis and progression. There are diffèrent mutations in master genesincludingtumorsuppressors and oncogenesthat lead to Pancreaticintraepithelialneoplasia (PanIN) whichis the mostcommon non-invasive precursorlesion of pancreatic cancer. These mutations influence directly or indirectly the cycle of Pharmacodynamics profile. Interactions between genetics and drug metabolism could be considered as one of the most important insights in the personalized medicine and targeted therapy based on the genetic profile of each affected person. In this literature, we will discuss pathogenesis and susceptibility to PC, pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine in pancreatic cancer and scrutinized the most important genes, variations and signaling pathways that influence individualized therapy of PC. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6216 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6216/4916

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 55 3 2017 03 06 200 208 EN Hilda Samimi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parviz Fallah Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Alireza Naderi Sohi Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Rezvan Tavakoli Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Naderi Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Soleimani Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Bagher Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Vahid Haghpanah Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 02 08 2017 02 08 Personalized medicine is a set of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches in which medical interventions are carried out based on individual patient characteristics. As life expectancy increases in developed and developing countries, the incidence of diseases such as cancer goes up among people in the community. Cancer is a disease that the response to treatment varies from one person to another and also it is costly for individuals, families, and society. Among thyroid cancers, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive, lethal and unresponsive form of the disease. Unfortunately, current drugs are not targetable, and therefore they have restricted role in ATC treatment. Consequently, mortality of this cancer, despite advances in the field of diagnosis and treatment, is one of the most important challenges in medicine. Cellular, molecular and genetic evidences play an important role in finding more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Review of these evidences confirms the application of personalized medicine in cancer treatment including ATC. A 2017 02 05 35 41 EN Farnaz Sinaei Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kazem Zendehdel Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahsa Adili Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Atefeh Ardestani Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Montazeri Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research (IHSR), Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 11 06 2016 10 10 Breast reconstruction (BR) surgery is not common for the treatment of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries, including Iran. We evaluated the quality of life (QoL) in Iranian breast cancer patients who underwent BR at the Cancer Institute of Iran. We compared patients who had BR with breast cancer patients who had a radical mastectomy as the control group, matched for age, and time since surgery. We interviewed the cases and controls and collected data about QoL using EORTC-Q30 and EORTC-Q23 questionnaires. We also obtained personal and clinical data for the patients and controls. We compared 61 BR and 45 radical mastectomy patients. The BR patients had a higher level of education (73.8%) than the mastectomy patients (27.3%). In addition, the BR patients had a higher employment rate (58%) than the mastectomy patients (4.4%). QoL was significantly better among BR patients