Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 11 2021 01 01 543 543 Ahmad Reza Dehpour Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shahram Ejtemaei Mehr Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 01 01 2021 01 01 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9053

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 11 2021 01 01 544 551 Mahafarin Maralani Department of Medical Oncology, MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium. AND Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. Behzad Baradaran Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. AND Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Marc Peeters Department of Medical Oncology, MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium 2020 01 27 2020 05 04 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA molecules that firstly discovered in 1993. They regulate gene expression of about 50% of protein-coding genes at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs can target numerous messenger RNAs and subsequent misexpression of them can affect many different signaling pathways. They are playing a pivotal role in cancer development by regulation of the genes expression which involved in the proliferation, survival, differentiation, apoptosis or metastasis of the cancer cells. Several treatment approaches such as inhibition of oncomiRs and restoration of tumor suppressor miRNAs have been established in certain types of cancers and some other miRNA-based strategies are in development for cancer prevention and treatment. Nowadays, cancer is the most important target of miRNA therapeutics and the specific mechanisms by which miRNA mediates cancer pathways needs more research and study. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8300

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 11 2021 01 01 552 561 Zeynab Shahmahmoodi Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayeh Jafarinejad Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Hormozi-Nezhad Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Homanaz Ghafari Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of medical science, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Ghazi khansari Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 07 11 2020 07 12 Malathion is an organophosphorus insecticide widely used in agriculture, residential area, and public health programs with a known mechanism of toxicity of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and induction of oxidative stress. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) represent stable and easily synthesized nanoparticles with extensive use in consumer products and medicine. Due to the antioxidant property of AuNPs, it is possible that AuNPs may prevent malathion-induced oxidative damage. In this study, the cytotoxicity of malathion and AuNPs (10 and 20 nm) were measured separately in Caco-2 cells. Then the protective effects of AuNPs were evaluated by measuring the oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation level and glutathione content) and acetylcholinesterase activity. The calculated IC50s values at 48 hr were 326.8±0.32, 43.09±0.65, and 41.46±0.24 µg/ml for malathion, AuNPs 10 and 20 nm, respectively. Then, the lowest concentration of AuNPs (1 µg/ml) and IC50 concentration of malathion (326.8 µg/ml) were selected to evaluate the effects of pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with AuNPs before exposure to malathion were evaluated. Interestingly, the results showed remarkably significant protective effects of AuNPs by attenuation the different parameters of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by malathion in cells (P<0.001). It is the first report showing the protective effects of AuNPs against malathion-induced cytotoxicity in the Caco-2 cell line. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8619

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 11 2021 01 01 562 566 Ali Bahari Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Abbas Esmaeilzadeh Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Moslem Soltani Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Schoolof Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Negar Morovatdar Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Narvan Babaei Cammunity Health Undergraduate at the University of Illinosis at Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, USA Azita Ganji Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2020 04 03 2020 05 05 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common cause of liver test abnormality and chronic liver disease in the world and can increase liver related mortality. Association of NAFLD with metabolic syndrome increase mortality due to cardiovascular disease too. NAFLD is categorized histologically into the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver biopsy has been known as gold standard of evaluating NAFLD, but this procedure is invasive. It is time to replace available and easier way to diagnose, and predict the prognosis for better management of NAFLD. This study was comparing the result of transabdominal ultrasonography with Fibroscan as a new and accurate method for evaluating severity of fatty liver disease. This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted using 101 patients with NAFLD. All patients who had TUS by one experienced radiologist and fibro scan at the same time were included. Visual liver echogenicity was basis of grading in TUS. Fibro scans results are based on controlled attenuation parameters (CAP) which is not operator dependent. Other information, such as age, waist, and BMI, were also gathered. TUS has a low value for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients and predicting prognosis. TUS has a good correlation with fibroscan in grade 0 and 1of fatty liver, but in grade 2 and 3 of fatty liver, we can not rely on TUS for accurate grading. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8388

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 11 2021 01 01 567 571 Nayyereh Saadati Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran Bahram Naghibzadeh Mount Medical Center 506, Mount Highway, Wantirna, Vic, Australia Asma Khalilipour Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran Maryam Miri kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences ,Mashhad, Iran 2020 02 17 2020 05 04 Assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PAH) frequency and its association with interstitial lung disease (ILD), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), and valvular heart diseases (VHD) in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cross-sectional study. Cardiology and Rheumatology Departments, Ghaem Medical Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. A total of 40 patients with RA without history or clinical features of cardiac diseases underwent cardiopulmonary and rheumatological assessment, including history taking, physical examination, chest X-ray, chest High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT), and echocardiography. Echocardiographic variables of patients with RA were measured and analyzed. The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary hypertension. The prevalence of PAH was 60% in RA. The tests showed no significant differences in PAH between age and gender groups. The most common valve involvement among patients was tricuspid insufficiency, followed by mitral insufficiency. Grades I and II LVDD were present in 27.5% and 2.5% of patients, respectively. There were significant correlations between systolic velocity (Sm) and ejection fraction, early diastolic velocity and diastolic velocity, as well as Sm and systolic wave velocity. This study revealed a high prevalence of severe LVDD in RA patients with PAH. Early diagnosis and management of cardiovascular risk factors may prevent the development and progression of PAH in RA patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8328

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 11 2021 01 01 572 576 Ghadeer H. Majeed Department of Surgery, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Mohammed Al-Edanni Department of Surgery, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Luay Jasim Abbood Department of Surgery, Alkindy Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq. Sadik AAl-Mukhtar Department of Surgery, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. 2020 03 25 2020 05 05 Core decompression is one of the commonest used techniques in the handling of osteonecrosis of the pre-collapsed head of the femur. Core decompression had succeeded in preserving the hip joint and delaying the requisite for total hip replacement, but it had failed in the induction of osteogenesis in the necrotic area, thus augmenting core decompression with biological agents to induce osteogenic activity. To assess the effects of platelet-rich plasma in non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the hip joint (early stage) after core decompression. Interventional comparative study for twenty-four patients (32 hip joints) with AVN of the head of the femur was involved in this prospective study, and they were separated into two groups of 16 hips, group (A) treated by core decompression and PRP injection and group (B) treated by core decompression alone. There was a significant statistical difference in Harris Hip Score and Visual Analogue of the two groups at six months follow up (P<0.05), but this difference was insignificant statistically at 12 months follow up. The radiological success was better in the group (A) as compared to group (B) (13 of 16 versus 10 of 16 hips). The addition of PRP to core decompression for pre-distorted stages of the head of the femur had resulted in improved pain alleviation and functional results and had slowed the disease progression in the one year of follow up.     https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8372

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 11 2021 01 01 577 581 Ali Bahari Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AND Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Seyed Mahmoud Hoseinian Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ANDS Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Abbas Esmaeelzadeh Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AND Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Azita Ganji Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zohre Bari Departmentof Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2020 03 11 2020 05 05 About 6 percent (2%-7%) of the world’s population is chronically infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The role of fibroscan for fibrosis assessment in HBV patients has not been widely studied. The present study was designed for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis by fibroscan in HBV positive patients. This is a cross-sectional study with two groups of case and control. According to the physical examination, lab data, abdominal ultrasound, and hepatitis viral load, the case group was categorized into three subgroups: inactive carrier, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. The Control group was selected from a healthy population of 145 HBV patients, and 370 healthy persons entered the study. The case group included 35 inactive carriers, 63 chronic hepatitis B, and 47 cirrhotic patients, and their mean amount of fibrosis (measured by fibroscan) was 6.169 kpa, 7.758 kpa, and 24.0255 kpa, respectively. Also, the mean amount of fibrosis was 5.5510 (SD=2.43) in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between cirrhotic patients and other groups (P<0.001). Also, a strong association between viral load and fibrosis degree was observed in chronic hepatitis B patients (P<0.001, R2=0.7811). Fibroscan is a novel instrument for the estimation of the liver fibrotic stage in HBV cirrhotic patients. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8359

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 58 11 2021 01 01 582 590 Zahra Safavi Bayat Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 5 2018 05 20 308 313 EN Ladan Kashani Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahbobeh Mohamadi Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bentol-Hoda Fattah-Ravandi Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Atefeh Zeinoddini Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 11 29 2018 02 07 The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of a 2-months implementation of GnRH-agonist (prolonged) versus the OCP+long protocol before in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) on IVF outcomes in infertile patients with Grade III-IV endometriosis. A total of 70 infertile patients with endometriosis participated in this randomized clinical trial and randomly received either the prolonged GnRH-agonist protocol (38 patients) as control or the OCP+long protocol (32 patients) as the case group. This was followed by standard controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in all subjects. The fertilization rate, the implantation rate, and the clinical pregnancy rate were measured and compared between the two groups. A statistically significant trend toward better embryo quality was observed in the control group (P=0.01). In addition, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and fertilization rate did not differ significantly between two groups (P=0.43, P=0.54, P=0.1 respectively). GnRH agonist treatment for 2 months before ART in women with high-grade endometriosis was associated with better embryo quality compared to three weeks of treatment with OCP. OCP before assisted reproductive technology (ART) was as effective as GnRH agonist treatment regarding clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in infertile patients with severe endometriosis. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6867 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6867/5089

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 5 2018 05 20 351 354 EN Mohammad Mehdi Bagheri Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. AND Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Shokouh Arjmand Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Torabinejad Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mina Behzadi Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2016 12 24 2017 03 30 Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limited syndrome with serious heart complications, mostly seen in children of age 5-month to 4-year-old. KD needs to be diagnosed soon to start IVIG within 10 days of starting symptoms to lower heart complications to 5 folds. Our case, a 2-year-old boy presented with prolonged fever and pharyngeal erythema. In early evaluation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated, and after that, Color Doppler echocardiography with suspicion for KD was performed and showed aneurysm and thrombosis formation in the left coronary artery (LCA). Hence, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was started for the patient concurrent with daily check of troponin I level. In this case report, we present remarkable echocardiographic findings of a patient with the delay in diagnosis of KD demonstrating an aneurysm and acute thrombus formation in LCA.    https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6086 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6086/5102

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 5 2018 05 20 314 319 EN Mustafa Al-Shamsi Department of Public Health, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Basra, Iraq. Nasih Othman Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. 2017 10 27 2017 12 19 Suicide by self-burning remains a common method of suicide amongst women in Iraq and some neighboring countries. This study aimed to describe the problem of self-burning in Basra province and investigate the associated factors. A prospective study was undertaken between October 2016 and May 2017 in Al-Fayhaa Burn Center. Data were collected from all patients admitted to the center for a self-inflicted burn. Sociodemographic information and cause of suicide were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and clinical data were transcribed from hospital records. There were 62 cases (females 74%, males 26%) of self-burning during the 6 months data collection accounting for 22% of all burn admission. The age ranged from 9-56 years (mean 25.3, SD 10.8 year). The vast majority had no or only basic education (92%), 55% were married, 60% were from outside Basra city and 53% considered themselves from a poor socioeconomic background. The incident mostly occurred at home (84%) while the person was alone (91%) using kerosene as the burning material (82%). The total burn surface area ranged from 20-100% with a median of 80% (IQR 60-95). The median hospital stay was 5 days (IQR 1-12 days). In-hospital mortality rate was 72.6%. Suicide by self-burning seems not to be uncommon in Basra and require more attention from public health and social services. More research is required to provide a better estimation of the problem and in-depth understanding of the factors that contribute to the problem. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6804 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6804/5090

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 5 2018 05 20 320 328 EN Hassan Hashemi Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Abbasali Yekta Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mohammad Saatchi Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Raheleh Moravej Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim Eye Research Center, Rassoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Khabazkhoob Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 09 02 2017 12 19 To determine the distribution of corneal thickness and its associated factors in the over 5-year-old population in the north and south rural areas in Iran. In this study, samples were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. After vision and refraction tests and the slit lamp exam, the central corneal thickness (CCT), apical corneal thickness (ACT), and the thickness at four peripheral areas of the cornea were measured using Pentacam. Of the 3851 selected samples, after applying the exclusion criteria, the analysis was done on data from 2681 people. The mean age of the participants was 36.03±18.51 years, ranging from 6 to 90 years, and 58.1% of them were female. Mean CCT and ACT were 533.87 μm (95%CI: 532.05 -535.69) and 536.72 μm (95%CI: 534.9 -538.54), respectively. Mean peripheral corneal thickness was 637.46 μm (95%CI: 635.09 -639.83) in the superior quadrant, and 594.34 μm (95%CI: 592.2 -596.47), 620.81 μm (95%CI: 618.66 -622.97), and 584.55 μm (95%CI: 582.18 -586.93) in the inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed significant associations between CCT and gender (P=0.001), age (P<0.001), geographical location of residence (P<0.001), the radius of corneal curvature (P<0.001), anterior chamber depth (P<0.001), and corneal volume (P<0.001). This study is one of the few studies describing the distribution of the corneal thickness in a population of over 5-year-olds using Pentacam. Gender, anterior chamber depth, and corneal radius of curvature are some of the factors associated with CCT. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/6676 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/6676/5091

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 56 5