Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 7 2021 08 25 386 392 Sayedeh-Somayyeh Mousavipour Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Pediatrics, School of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sanaz Sohrabizadeh Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Air Quality Health and Climate Change Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran . 2020 08 05 2021 06 02 The evacuation of hospitals has special complications and sensitivities in terms of the presence of patients. Since infants are the youngest and most vulnerable patients in the hospital, the readiness of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to respond appropriately and evacuate at the time of disasters is very important. This article examines the emergency evacuation of neonatal intensive care units during disasters. The present systematic review was done based on the PRISMA guidelines for systematic review studies. Accordingly, all English-language articles published in this field were extracted by the end of January 2020, through searching Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, as well as Google Scholar Web Search. The search and screen of the articles were conducted independently by the research team members, and the content of included articles was analyzed thematically. After the final evaluation, 11 articles were subjected to content analysis, which was divided into seven thematic categories: command, training and maneuver, manpower, communication, equipment, transportation, support. Considering that infants are the most vulnerable preparing the staff of the (NICU) along with providing them with specialized and technical support is suggested. By preparing and implementing response and preparedness plans, it is possible to prevent high complications and mortality among infants admitted to the hospital pre-disasters. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8699

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 7 2021 08 25 393 399 Seyedreza Mirsoleymani School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Erfan Taherifard Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Ehsan Taherifard Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Taghrir Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh 3 Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. AND Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mahmoudreza Peyravi Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University ofMedical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Rita Rezaee Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. AND Clinical Teaching Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Seyyed Mojtaba Nekooghadam Internal Department of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2020 07 22 2021 05 19 Background: late in 2019, the first case of COVID-19 was detected in China, and the disease caused pandemic state worldwide. Up to now, many studies investigated the impact of comorbid diseases, especially diabetes mellitus on COVID-19 outcomes. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess the para-clinic characteristics of COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus to identify factors indicative of poor prognoses. Methods: In this prospective study, 153 in-patients with COVID-19 were followed up from 1 March to 19 April. Paraclinical information of these patients was gathered from their medical records. Afterward, the association between these factors among both diabetic and non-diabetic patients were assessed in the correlation analyses. Results: discharge and expiration of 77.1% and 22.9% of the study participants resulted in a 1063 person-day follow up for patients who discharged healthily, and 384 person-day follow up for expired patients. 41.8% of the participants had diabetes mellitus. Lymphocytopenia and Neutrolhilia prevalences increased during hospitalization; comparing with their initial prevalences. Thirty-seven patients got acute respiratory distress syndrome; of those, 35 died. The mean of the initial C reactive protein level was 42.49 and serum creatinine of 1.39 Conclusion: The study showed that higher initial neutrophil count, increasing neutrophil count more than 15000 and decreasing lymphocyte count below 1000 during hospitalization; development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and being intubated; initial C reactive protein and serum creatinine level were associated with higher mortality rates in COVID-19 victims. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8655

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 7 2021 08 25 400 405 Reza Hajebi Department of General Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,.Iran . AND School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Ajam Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrokh Karbalai School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Cardiology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Haleh Ashraf Research Development Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6 Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Ostadali Dehaghi Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hedieh Moradi Tabriz School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ANDDepartment of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Marzieh Pazoki Department of Internal Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Khalili School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 2021 03 16 2021 04 16 In the last days of 2019, a new coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, and less than three months its disease, now called COVID-19, was announced a global pandemic by WHO. COVID-19 usually causes respiratory symptoms and can lead to more severe conditions like ARDS. HLA has a crucial role in regulating the immune system; thus, different HLA allele types can be a protective or risk factor for some diseases, so we aimed to find such associations to determine whether some alleles can predict susceptibility or resistibility to COVID-19 and finally facilitate vaccine development. In this case-control study, 15 admitted COVID-19 cases with severe symptoms and ten individuals with mild COVID-19 symptoms were enrolled in the case and control groups, respectively. They were genotyped for HLA A/B/DR loci using a low-resolution HLA typing test. These alleles were more prevalent in case (severe COVID-19) group: A*24 (53.33% vs 10%), B*50 (20% vs 10%), B*55 (20% vs 10%), DRB1*04 (40% vs 20%) and DRB1*11 (53.33% vs 30%) but the difference was only statically significant in A*24 allele (P=0.027; odd ratio=10.286). A*24 was also more prevalent in all patients than the general population in Iran. A*24 was the only allele more prevalent in severe COVID-19 cases with statistical significance. This allele was reported to be a risk factor for such autoimmune diseases as type 1 diabetes, myasthenia gravis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, which may be related to reported immune system hyperresponsiveness in severe COVID-19 cases. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9241

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 7 2021 08 25 406 415 Mohammad Sheibani Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hedyeh Faghir-Ghanesefat Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Yaser Azizi Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AND Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tahmineh Mokhtari CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China. AND Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Hasan Yousefi‐Manesh Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roya Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Hossein Emami Department of Hematology-Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Reza Dehpour Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 06 14 2021 06 26 The clinical use of doxorubicin as a potent chemotherapeutic agent is limited due to its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways have a pivotal role in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Sumatriptan, a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1B/1D agonist that is mainly used to relieve migraine pain, has suggested exerting protective effects in numerous pathological conditions through antiinflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sumatriptan on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and the contribution of anti-inflammation and antioxidative responses. Cardiotoxicity was induced by the administration of doxorubicin three times a week (2.5 mg/kg i.p) for two consecutive weeks on male rats. The animals were divided into four groups, including Control, Sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) received group, doxorubicin received group, and Doxorubicin+Sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) received group. Sumatriptan was administered 30 min before every injection of doxorubicin. On the last day of the second week, the body weight, mortality rate, electrocardiogram (ECG) and histopathological changes, cardiac inotropic study, and biochemical factors were evaluated. The loss of body weight, mortality rate, ECG parameters, reduction of papillary muscle contractility force as well as histopathological scores following administration of doxorubicin indicated severe cardiac damage. However, treatment with sumatriptan inhibited the functional and structural impairment induced by doxorubicin. In addition, sumatriptan could significantly reduce cardiac tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which were increased in the doxorubicin-treated rats. This study illustrated the protective effects of sumatriptan on decreasing doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity and mortality rate in part through inhibition of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9461

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 7 2021 08 25 416 420 Abdollah Dehvari Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. AND Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mahmoud Imani Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Ebrahim Abdollahi School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Reza Behmadi Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (FACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 07 27 2021 06 02 Germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) mainly occurs in preterm neonates and is an important cause of brain injury in them. In this retrospective cross-sectional study from march 2017 to march 2018 in our teaching hospitals, we investigated 250 newborns who were admitted to NICU with a birth weight under 1500 grams with ultrasonographic study for presence and grade of GMH-IVH in their first week of life. Risk factors for GMH-IVH were collected from their records and results been analyzed with SPSS software. From 250 neonates who had inclusion criteria of the study, 22 cases had GMH-IVH in ultrasonographic evaluation. 37.6% of all cases and 31.8% of newborns with GMH-IVH had a 5-minute APGAR score of less than six. 91 cases (39.9%) of the control group and 15 cases (68.1%) of the GMH-IVH group need resuscitation at birth. Of 250 cases 54 (21.6%) died, that 14 cases (63.6%) had GMH-IVH. Our study shows significant differences for birth weight, 5 minute APGAR score, and the need for resuscitation at birth as risk factors for the development of GMH-IVH in very low birth weight neonates, but we do not find a significant difference group in terms of gestational age, gender, route of delivery, fetal presentation, maternal parity, CBC parameters, sepsis, RDS, endotracheal tube suctioning and multiple pregnancies for them. In our study, the protective value for antenatal steroid therapy depends on the completion of the course of treatment for mothers. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8675

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 7 2021 08 25 421 429 EN Nazdar Alkhateeb Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Ali Al-Dabbagh Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Yaseen Mohammed Department of Community Health, Cihan University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Mohammed Ibrahim Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, Unitearmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Reza Dehpour Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed Shafaroodi Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 01 12 2022 05 16 Macrophages and glial activation contribute to the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI). Some preclinical studies have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of aripiprazole (ARP). In the current study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of ARP in a rat SCI model. Forty male Wistar rats underwent either T9 vertebra laminectomy or were used as a sham-operated group without laminectomy. There were four major groups in this study: a sham-operated, three treatments (normal saline [vehicle] control versus ARP 10 and 20 mg/kg/day for three days after surgery, first dose 30 minutes post-surgery) SCI groups. We evaluated locomotor scaling and neuropathic pain behavioral tests over 28 days. On Day 28, tissue samples were investigated for neuroinflammatory and histopathology changes through flow cytometry and ELISA. ARP (10 and 20 mg/kg/day, 3 days) treatment significantly reduced locomotors disability (P<0.01) and mechanical (P<0.01) and thermal allodynia (P<0.001) scores. Additionally, Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level and interleukin (IL)-10 were significantly altered in ARP-treated spinal cord tissues 28 days after SCI (P<0.01). Moreover, spinal cord tissue expression of M1 and M2 macrophages, as well as M1/M2 ratio, were reduced in ARP-treated SCI animals, concurrent with decreased M1 and increased M2 and M1/M2 in dorsal root ganglion (P<0.001). Our study indicates that ARP has therapeutic effects on SCI via the reduction of neuroinflammation and SCI sensory and locomotor abnormalities. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9921

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 9 2022 11 08 594 598 Tahereh Abdolahinia Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Hassan Hashemi Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbasaali Yekta Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mahshid Saffarpour Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolfazl Jafarzadehpour Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Effat Shanbezadeh Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Khabazkhoob Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 03 14 2022 06 09 To compare Modulation Transform Function (MTF) between standard monofocal spherical hydrophobic acrylic Alcon SA60AT (Bausch and Lomb) and hydrophilic acrylic Rayner Superflex (620H) (Rayner) intra-ocular lenses (IOLs). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 68 patients who underwent cataract surgery. The hydrophobic Alcon SA60AT IOL was implanted in 39, and the hydrophilic Rayner Superflex (620H) was implanted in 29 eyes. The OPD Scan III (Nidek) was used to assess MTF in normal pupils under mesopic light conditions 1 and 3 months after the surgery. t-test showed no significant difference in mean MTF between the two IOLs in the 2 follow-ups (P=0.788). The results of repeated measure ANOVA for each type of IOL indicated that MTF increased significantly in the hydrophilic group versus the hydrophobic group in the 3rd month (P=0.033). Moreover, the results of repeated measure ANOVA showed that MTF was affected by the type of IOL and refractive error in the 3rd month (P=0.029, P=0.025). It seems that the material of IOL and post-surgical residual refractive error can affect the visual acuity of pseudophakic patients. Although the hydrophilic IOL provided a better MTF three months after the surgery, studies with longer follow-ups are required to confirm the results. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9236

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 9 2022 11 08 599 603 Shahin Koomanaee Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Setila Dalili Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Seyyedeh Azade Hoseini Nouri Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Seyedeh Zohreh Jalali Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Manijeh Tabrizi Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Ghazaleh Aldaghi Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2022 04 26 2022 06 18 Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with homozygous or heterozygous mutations in one of the five following genes (ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, CDT1, and CDC6). This syndrome is characterized by the triad of short stature (pre/postnatal), microtia, and patella hypoplasia/aplasia. Special features included microcephaly, microstomia, full lips, micrognathia, narrow convex, and high nasal bridge nose. Also, it may be accompanied by feeding problems, skeletal disorders, urogenital or respiratory anomalies, and intelligence disorders. This case report describes the first Persian MGS accompanied by neonatal seizure, mental retardation, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/10123

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 9 2022 11 08 604 607 Maria Teressa Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Gatot Soebroto Presidential Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia Yongkie Purnama Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Gatot Soebroto Presidential Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia Soroy Lardo Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Gatot Soebroto Presidential Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia 2022 07 15 2022 07 16 Diagnosis and management of retroperitoneal abscesses caused by ESBL (Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase) Escherichia Coli require special attention. A female patient came to the Emergency Department with complaints of abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea, fever, and urination pain for 1 week, and physical examination demonstrated an enlarged mass in the left flank for the past 6 months. Laboratory results showed an increase in leukocytes and procalcitonin hence the antibiotic cefoperazone sulbactam was given as empirical therapy. An abdominal CT scan revealed multiple retroperitoneal abscesses in the left and right hemiabdomen, therefore levofloxacin and metronidazole were given as additional antibiotics. Percutaneous abscess drainage was performed and from the pus culture obtained grew ESBL Escherichia Coli bacteria. Furthermore, antibiotics were changed to intravenous amikacin according to the results of the susceptibility test. The patient's clinical symptoms improved significantly and she was discharged and evaluated in the outpatient clinic. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/10252

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 9 2022 11 08 608 608 Fatemeh Cheraghali Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Mehrdad Teimoorian Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2022 11 08 2022 11 08