Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 9 2021 10 12 516 523 Farzaneh Kianian Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehri Kadkhodaee Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Sadeghipour Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behjat Seifi Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 10 22 2021 01 25 Inflammation, and remodeling in airways are the two crucial characteristics of asthma, a common respiratory disease. In asthma pathophysiology, the recruitment of granulocytes finally results in inflammation, leading to lung damage. In this regard, failure to clear inflammatory cells by programmed cell death, apoptosis will cause the prolongation of inflammation. On the other hand, in airway epithelial cells, apoptosis may occur, resulting in airway remodeling. Hence, dysregulation of apoptosis has been suggested to contribute to the development of asthma. Importantly, knowledge of the factors related to apoptotic cascade seems vital to explore various pharmacological interventions for the treatment of asthma. In this review, we highlight several important apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors contributing either to inflammatory cells or airway epithelial cells involved in asthma pathogenesis. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8889

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 9 2021 10 12 524 529 Mohammadhossein Dadgarnia Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohsen Abouii Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mohammadhossein Baradaranfar Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Sedighe Vaziribozorg 1. Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Vahid Zand Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2020 09 28 2021 08 09 This study was attempted to investigate the prevalence of BRAF gene mutation (V600E) in aspiration cytology of patients with suspected papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Seventy-six patients suspected of having PTC who were referred for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy were included in this cross-sectional study. Ultrasound-guided FNA was taken from the thyroid masses, and samples were sent for cytologic evaluation. Simultaneously, the samples were sent to a genetic laboratory to check the status of BRAFV600E mutation. Patients with FNA positive for PTC were assigned in one group, and those with FNA negative for PTC were assigned to another group. Cytological and molecular results were compared with those of histopathology and sonography. The results showed that the prevalence of the BRAF gene (V600E) mutation in our study was 21.1% (16 out of 76 patients). In addition, the results showed a significant relationship between gene mutation and pathologic findings so that the highest gene mutation was significantly detected in patients with FNA positive for PTC (P=0.001). Also, our results showed a significant relationship between gene mutation and some sonographic findings (calcification, P=0.004) and no significant relation in the other sonographic findings (hypoechoic changes, P=1.12 and regular changes, P=0.194). According to the results of the present study, BRAF mutation (V600E) can be an effective indicator for definitive diagnosis and primary treatment of PTC in suspected cases.   https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8828

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 9 2021 10 12 530 535 Maryam Mardani Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Sadaf Pourshahian Undergraduate Student, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Bijan Khademi Shiraz Institute for cancer research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Mahyar Malekzadeh Shiraz Institute for cancer research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2020 08 30 2021 08 09 Despite a low prevalence, salivary gland tumors (SGTs) represent a diverse set of tumors with a broad range of biological behaviors. Implementation of early detection programs has significantly improved the outcome of treatment and patients' survival. High mobility group box one protein (HMGB1) may likely be a candidate for the detection of SGTs due to its background in other human tumors. This study, for the first time, aimed to investigate the clinical value of HMGB1 in patients with benign and malignant SGTs and analyze its correlation with clinicopathologic outcomes. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the serum level of HMGB1 was measured in 85 patients with SGTs (30 benign and 55 malignant cases) and 85 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. HMGB1 levels had a significant difference between patients with SGTs and healthy controls (2041.4±787.1 pg/ml versus 536.3±374.6 pg/ml, P<0.0001) as well as those with benign and malignant tumors (1680.1±429.7 pg/ml versus 2238.6±867.2 pg/ml, P<0.0001). The serum level of HMGB1 was associated with some clinicopathologic factors, such as the size of the main tumor, clinical stage, and the lymph node metastasis, but not with patients' gender, age as well as the site of the lesions. These results suggest that the serum level of HMGB1 has the potential to be a supportive diagnostic marker for SGTs and can provide a precise assessment of the tumor status. There is no published report regarding the serum level of HMGB1 in SGTs; therefore, further studies are warranted. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8764

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 9 2021 10 16 536 544 EN Dolina Gencheva First Department of Internal Diseases, Section of Cardiology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria AND UMHAT “Sveti Georgi” Plovdiv, Clinic of Cardiology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Fedya Nikolov First Department of Internal Diseases, Section of Cardiology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria AND UMHAT “Sveti Georgi” Plovdiv, Clinic of Cardiology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Ekaterina Uchikova Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria AND UMHAT “Sveti Georgi” Plovdiv, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Rosen Mihaylov Independent Medical Diagnostic Laboratory“RAMUS”, Sofia, Bulgaria AND Medical College “Jordanka Filaretova”, Sofia, Bulgaria Blagovesta Pencheva Independent Medical diagnostic laboratory “RAMUS”, Sofia, Bulgaria Gita Yamakova-Vladova Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria AND UMHAT “Sveti Georgi” Plovdiv, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2020 09 28 2021 08 09 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the leading causes of fetal and maternal mortality worldwide. Aside from the immediate risk they pose for the pregnant woman, there is significant evidence that women after such a pregnancy have a long-term risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, Galectin-3 is a biomarker that has proven its role in cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, and heart failure. To determine the levels of Galectin-3 in women with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and in healthy pregnant women and test for association with premature birth. A prospective single-center clinical, epidemiological study was performed, and data were analyzed for 123 pregnant women-36 with gestational hypertension, 37 with preeclampsia, and 50 controls. ELISA method was used to determine the serum levels of Galectin-3. Mean Galectin-3 level was 6,53 ng/ml in the controls, 7.30 ng/ml in the gestational hypertension group, and 7,59 ng/ml in the preeclampsia group. There was a significant difference in the levels between the controls and each of the pathological groups (P<0,05), while the two pathological groups were not statistically different from each other. Additionally, higher Galectin-3 levels were associated with an OR~2.5 for even preterm birth after adjustment for the presence of the two hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were associated with significantly higher levels of Galectin-3, which could be indicative of cardiovascular dysfunction in those women, and were also related to premature birth. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8829

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 9 2021 10 12 545 549 Mir Amir aghdashi Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Khadije Makhdomi Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. AND Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran Arash Rashidi Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. 2020 07 20 2021 08 16 Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with renal involvement. It affects the kidneys in about 50% of SLE patients. The aim of this study was to assess the evaluation of proteinuria recovery time and its related factors associated with lupus nephritis patients in Urmia-Northwest of Iran. A retrospective cohort study was carried out, in which medical records of 80 patients with systemic lupus nephritis referred to Imam Khomeini university hospital were reviewed. According to these records, the biopsy-proven renal disease has been progressed from September 2009 to September 2013. Proteinuria, less than 0.5 g/24h, was defined as proteinuria recovery. The time elapsed from the diagnosis of proteinuria to its recovery is considered as the duration of proteinuria recovery (month). The findings were analyzed by STATA11 statistical software. The mean age at diagnosis of lupus nephritis was 26.50±8.10 years (14-51 years). The mean creatinine level at the start of treatment was 1.20±0.61 mg/dl (0.5-2.80). Proteinuria recovery time was four months for 25% of patients, six months for 50% of patients (median time), and 12 months for 75% of them. The higher class of LN had a trend toward 31 % lower risk of proteinuria recovery (HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.96; P=0.02), the expected risk is 1.94 times greater in women as compared with men (HR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.1-3.48; P=0.02). The patients in this study population respond to treatment in less time, and in comparison with other studies, their proteinuria recovers earlier. Class of lupus nephritis (negative) and gender (positive) were predictive factors of proteinuria recovery among LN patients.       https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8644

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 9 2021 10 12 550 554 Shiva Borzouei Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohammad Eslahchi Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Farzaneh Esna-Ashari Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND School of Public Health and Research Center forHealth Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Azar pirdehghan associate professor in community and medicine department,Hamadan university of medical sciences 2020 07 18 2021 08 09 Gestational diabetes is a metabolic disease that can have multiple maternal and fetal complications. Therapeutic adherence can help controlling blood sugar and reducing its complications. This study investigates the medication adherence among pregnant women and the effective factors on it. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 pregnant women with gestational diabetes who were referred to the endocrinology clinic of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in 2018. Input criteria were those over 18 years of age, and output criteria included heart, kidney, and thyroid disorders. Medication adherence was evaluated using Morisky's 6-question questionnaire (MMAS-6). Analyzes were conducted using SPSS version 21 at the significance level of less than 0.05. Based on the results, 77.9% of the women lived in the city, 65.4% had a college education, and 73.1% were housewives. 58.7% of them had good medication adherence. There was a significant relationship between adherence and glycemic control. Address and level of education had a significant relationship with medication adherence. People with higher levels of health literacy had significantly higher medication adherence. Low education level, rural residence, and low health literacy level are determinants of poor medication adherence in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, which indicates the need for more training for these people. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/8638

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 59 9 2021 10 12 555 559 Mojtaba Meybodian Department of Otolaryngology,Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammadhossein Baradaranfar Department of Otolaryngology,Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Sedighe Vaziribozorg Department of Otolaryngology,Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Samira Mahmoodifar nction following Herceptin therapy. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/7312 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/7312/5233

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 57 3 2019 05 13 180 183 EN Reza Boostani Department of Neurology, Quaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Pouran Layegh Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Elham Vosoughi Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Azadeh Mohammadi School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Noseibe Joneidi Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Reyhaneh Bazargani Research Center of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran. Delaram Sayadpour Zanjani Research Center of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran. Saeed Ebrahimzadeh Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran. 2018 04 28 2018 12 19 The human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and other disorders, including a slowly progressive demyelinating paraparesis, known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Dermatologic manifestations are common in patients infected with HTLV-1 infection. In this study, we evaluated the dermatologic lesions associated with HAM/TSP patients in Mashhad, Iran. Dermatological findings of 37 patients with HAM/TSP were investigated and compared with those of an HTLV-1 negative control group. A cutaneous biopsy was performed as needed, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results of the present study showed that 34 cases with HAM/TSP (91.9%) and 24 cases in the control group (64.9%) had at least one skin lesion or history of skin lesion before (P=0.010). Xerosis was found in 22 persons (59.5%) in the case group and 4 persons in the control group (10.8%) (P=0.000). Only xerosis was significantly associated with HAM/TSP. Skin manifestations were quite frequent in patients with HAM/TSP. Xerosis was significantly associated with HAM/TSP. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/7222 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/7222/5234

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 57 3 2019 05 13 184 193 EN Niaz Mustafa Kamal Department of Anesthesia, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq. Mardian Othman Abdul Qadir Department of Community Health, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq. Bestun Ibrahim Hama Rahim Department of Community Health, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq. Abdulrahman M. Ibrahem General Directorate of Health in Sulaimani, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani, Iraq. Burhan Karadaghy Department of Community Health, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq. 2018 11 10 2018 11 14 Cancer can be defined as an abnormal growth of cells that can spread inside the body and affect many tissues and organs in different forms. It is a group of diseases that happen when abnormal cells grow and spread quickly. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalent types of cancer and the risk factors associated with disease among children in Sulaimani city. The main part of this research was a hospital-based case-control study. The sample included 100 children aged 0-16 years (50 cases and 50 controls). The study was conducted in Sulaimani Hiwa Hospital and Pediatric Teaching Hospital from 1st January to 1st May 2018. Data on the exposed risk factors were obtained from face to face interview with the mother's cases and controls. Data was entered into Epidat version 3. Data were analyzed using STATA 11. Descriptive and percentages were used for Socio-demographic variables, odds ratios were used to determining potential risk factors, and P less and equal to 0.05 was estimated as statistically significant. The mean age of children was 46.2 (SD 42.7) months and the mean age of the mothers at the time of pregnancy was 28.4 (SD 6.7) years. Overall, there were 61 males and 39 females in the study. The commonest types were ALL (30%) while the less common types were osteosarcoma (4%). The risk factors linked to cancer were cesarean section (odds 2.7, P=0.02), family history (odds 10.8, P=0.008), mothers exposed to pesticides and chemicals during pregnancy (odds 3.0, P=0.01), (odds 6, P=0.0006) respectively, children exposed to pesticide (odds 5.4, P=0.02), exposed to passive smoke have similar odds (odds 3.0, P=0.01). Children's caffeine consumption (odds 2.3, P=0.04) and fast food (odds 3.0, P=0.01). In general, to control and prevent cancer among children, it is highlighting the need for communication and education mothers to aware about potential risk factors that lead to cancer. Furthermore, studies with larger sample size are required to determine other risk factors for cancer. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/7568 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/7568/5235

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 57 3 2019 05 13 194 196 EN Mehdi Kardoust parizi Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyedali Momeni Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ghazal Ameli Department of Urology, Clinic Korneuburg, Korneuburg, Austria. 2018 07 11 2018 11 10 Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumors (PFP) are relatively rare benign spin