Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 12 2023 01 30 723 730 Sajjad Ranjbar Kouchaksaraei Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Fatemeh Vizeshfar Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. AND Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mehrdad Rohaninasab Department of Operating Room, Neyshabour University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabour, Iran Payam Nikjo Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2021 08 16 2021 12 28 This study aimed to investigate the most common Coronavirus pathogens in humans in the third millennium. In this study, all documents in English on pathogenic coronaviruses were examined from the beginning of 2002 to March 27, 2020. Articles were searched through reliable databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane library, and BioRxiv using the keywords "COVID-19", "Coronavirus 2019", "SARS-CoV," and" MERS-CoV." In addition, reliable health websites, such as WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), were used to obtain new figures and information on these diseases. A total of 1563 articles and documents were extracted, and after reviewing the full texts of these articles, 100 papers and documents with necessary eligibility were finally selected in the present review study. The outbreak of pathogenic viruses, especially the latest one, i.e., COVID-19, as a severe threat can affect the entire global community, in particular medical staff who are at the forefront of fighting against the virus. It can generally be concluded that coronaviruses have high pathogenesis, with very rapid person-to-person transmission. Since human knowledge is not yet complete about the new type of this virus, i.e., COVID-19, there are no definitive treatments for the virus. Thus, the best and only way to prevent affection from this virus is currently fully implementing health protocols and preventing self-infection and the virus outbreak. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9597

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 12 2023 01 30 787 787 Seyed Isaac Hashemy Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ahmad Reza Taheri Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Morteza Behnamfard Department of Dermatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mehrdad Teimoorian Department of Dermatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Sara Sabouri Rad Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2023 01 30 2023 01 30 No AbstractNo AbstractNo AbstractNo AbstractNo Abstract https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/10538

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 12 2023 01 30 731 741 Rohit Pritam Das Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India Banishree Sahoo Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India Manoranjan Arakha Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India Arun Kumar Pradhan Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India 2021 11 13 2022 08 19 Microbes have a proclivity for binding to cell surfaces and forming biofilms. The act of creating biofilms is the microbe’s social activity while they are under stress. In humans, this form of cell aggregation leads to biofilm, which often leads to an infection. Despite their ability to form adhesion to the cell surface, biofilm has also drawn attention due to its involvement in chronic disorders. Accumulation of biofilm leads to a serious health concern showing high resistance to antibiotics. In order to address this concern, there is a desperate need to find out natural bioproducts like biosurfactants which could be an alternative to synthetic compounds. In the current study, the inhibitory effect of rhamnolipid against E. coli k-12 proteins that are involved in biofilm formation was studied through various computational approaches. In the molecular docking approach, the interaction between rhamnolipid and targeted proteins has been recorded. Rhamnolipid interacts with pgaC with the total highest energy of -8.91 kcal/mol, indicating a tight ligand-protein interaction. Further, to validate the interaction, a 10-ns molecular dynamics simulation was performed for pgaC and with rhamnolipid bound complex. The stability of biosurfactant and biofilm-producing protein was investigated using the RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA plots. As a comparison to only protein, a complex Binding with rhamnolipid shows a stable RMSD value with minimal RMSF and Rg values, which indicates the tight interaction between rhamnolipid and pgaC. This could be a leading novel in silico approach to studying the inhibitory effect of biosurfactants against biofilm formation proteins. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9784

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 12 2023 01 30 742 748 Hossein Hemmati Department of Vascular Surgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. AND Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Yousha Pourahmadi Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Behrang Motamed Department of Internal Medicine, Inflammatory Lung Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Mohammad Taghi Ashoobi Department of Vascular Surgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Habib Eslami Kenarsari Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2021 10 02 2022 12 17 Surgical approaches to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) have been associated with a change from invasive to non-invasive methods in the last 20 years. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 55 patients with primary adenoma-induced HPT underwent surgery. The parathyroid gland in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid adenoma was removed by open surgery with an incision of about 2 cm in the neck in a targeted manner in a site localized by ultrasound or Sestamibi scan. The patients' personal information, including age, sex, length of hospital stay, serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, success rate, and problems and unwanted adverse consequences of surgery (e.g. infection and bleeding) were recorded for each patient and collected information was analyzed in SPSS software. Most patients were women (80%) and individuals in the age range of 41-60 years (47.3%). The hospital stay length ranged from 2 to 5 days with an average of 3.25±0.9 days. Success was considered as a decrease in PTH and calcium levels during the first 24 h after the intervention, and success rates of 100, 98.2, and 69.1%, respectively, were evaluated for a reduction of at least 50% in PTH levels and less than 40 ng/ml of PTH levels. No major complications were reported in the studied patients. Wilcoxon test revealed significant decreases in patients' postoperative serum calcium and PTH levels (P=0.000). Mini-incision Parathyroidectomy with limited incision was associated with significant reductions in serum calcium and PTD without complications. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9702

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 12 2023 01 30 749 755 Hajar Beigy Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Maryam Mousavi Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Jalal Karimi Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Hadi Karimzadeh Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Nima Arezomandi Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Bahram Pakzad Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2022 06 08 2022 08 19 Today, osteoporosis is a major healthcare system problem globally. Each year, osteoporosis leads to more than 8.9 million fractures. In practice, osteoporosis can be diagnosed following a low-energy trauma fragility fracture of a bone or by a bone mineral density measurement using dual X-ray absorptiometry showing a T-score of ≤-2.5. This is a retrospective study that reviewed all subjects with osteoporosis or osteopenia indication, which were referred by practitioners for diagnostic densitometric evaluation to Alzahra hospital in Isfahan, Iran. from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019. Bone mineral density (BMD) reports were reviewed to identify all cases of osteoporosis or osteopenia. Our data analysis according to the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic classification showed that simultaneously measured T-scores at the spine and hip are concordant in 49.60% of patients and discordant by at least one diagnostic class in 49.95%. There was no significant discordance prevalence when one site was osteoporotic, and another site was normal (The prevalence was only 4.74%). Major T-score discordance was directly correlated to age (r=0.908, P=0.005), but there was no statistical relationship between minor T-score discordance and age (P=0.07). Clinicians should expect that at least half of patients tested by DXA will demonstrate T-score discordance between spine and total hip measurement sites. However, discordance is a real finding, and clinicians should be familiar with this issue and adopt specific strategies for these patients to investigate the cause or causes of the discordance. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/10191

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 12 2023 01 30 756 764 EN Seyede Masoome Sajjadi Mohri Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Vahideh Montazeri Department of Artificial Intelligence, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shima Aliebrahimi Department of Artificial Intelligence, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anita Abedi Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Marzieh Zare Dehnavi Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Akram Jamshidzadeh Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Nasser Ostad Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 01 18 2022 12 11 According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, a subpopulation of cells demonstrating stem-like cell properties is responsible for tumorigenicity, self-renewal capacity, therapy resistance, and recurrence. Due to CSCs’ resistance, it’s demanded to develop drugs having appropriate efficacy. Despite cisplatin is a potent antitumor agent widely used in the treatment of different cancers, its severe side effects and resistance remain a challenge in the clinic. Research has shown that platinum (IV) has considerably fewer side effects and drug resistance. In this study, toxicity and effectiveness of [Pt(dpyam)Cl4] where dpyam is 2,2'-dipyridylamine, as a platinum (IV) agent, has been investigated to find a reliable alternative for cisplatin. To this aim, cancer stem-like cells (CS-LCs) with CD44+/CD133+ phenotype were isolated from HT1080 cells. EJ138, HT1080, and its CS-LCs were selected to compare the effectiveness of Pt (IV) complex versus cisplatin. MTT, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis were carried out to evaluate drug toxicity. Sphere and colony formation assays confirmed the potentiality of Pt (IV) complex and cisplatin to target stemness characteristics in CS-LCs. Although toxicity results were in favor of cisplatin, the anti-cancer activity of the synthesized Pt (IV) complex was also considerable. Regarding other studies that proposed high selective toxicity of Pt (IV), they could be a volunteer for additional improvements. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9933

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 60 12 2023 01 30 765 771 Behnaz Andashti Department of Biology, School of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Razieh Yazdanparast Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Hamid Galehdari Department of Biology, School of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 2022 10 17 2022 12 11 Inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. IMPDH1 catalyzes IMP-oxidation to XMP, which in continue is converted to guanine nucleotides. Like mammals, the mouse IMPDH1 (mH1) has retinal-specific isoforms named H1 (546) Hossein Tari Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, Shafa Yahyaiian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Restoration of the sagittal alignment is one of the fundamental goals in scoliosis correction surgery. Having an increase in popularity of segmental spinal instrumentation, thoracic kyphosis (TK) is often sacrificed to achieve frontal and axial plane correction. Patients with a Lenke type 1 deformity underwent selective thoracic fusion (lowest instrumented vertebra of T12 or L1) using corrective segmental spinal instrumentation (Hook-Rod) and were followed up for 2 years. They were evaluated before and after operation for coronal and sagittal alignments using standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. There were 63 patients (21 male, 42 female) with a mean age of 15.8±2.1 years included to this study. TK reduction had significant correlation (P≤0.001) with lumbar lordosis (LL) decrease at preoperative (r=0.47), immediately postoperative (r=0.37) and at 2-year follow-up (r=0.5). The decrease in LL after 2-years was less than decrease in TK (4.5±8.5 vs 6±10, respectively). https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3934 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3934/3909

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 50 7 2012 07 15 482 485 EN Bahram Mohammadi Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehri Najafi Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fateme Farahmand Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Motamed Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahsa Ghajarzadeh Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jamshid Mohammadi Herbal Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran. Mohammad Eshagh Roze Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 This study was aimed to determine prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and rickets in children with cholestatic liver diseases. Forty eight children with established cholestatic liver disease who referred to gastrointestinal clinic of Children Medical Center (Tehran, Iran) between April 2010 and March 2011 were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Laboratory analysis including calcium, phosphate, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, aminotransferases, alkalinephosphatase (ALP), prothrombin time (PT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), total protein determined by routine laboratory techniques. Mean age of participants was 299.1 ± 676.8 days (range 2-3600 days) whereas twenty one were female (43.8%) and 27 (56.3%) were male. Twenty two (45.8%) had evidences of rickets in X-ray evaluation. Three children with rickets and two with normal X-ray had Vitamin D deficiency while ten in rickets group and 16 in normal group had Vitamin D insufficiency. The main underlying diseases were anatomical biliary atresia in cases with rickets and idiopathic in other group. Rickets and Vitamin D deficiency should be considered in chronic cholestatic children. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3935 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3935/3910

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 50 7 2012 07 15 486 492 EN Ahmad Reza Ebadian Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parisa Zarnegarnia Dental School, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Gunnar Dahlén Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 2015 09 28 Chronic periodontitis (CP) and peri-implantitis (PI) are multifactorial diseases of tooth and implant supporting apparatus. Bacterial invasion and consequent host immune response seem to play a role in relevant pathogenesis. The structural differences between tooth and implant pose preferential biofilm colonization. This study was aimed to compare the prevalence of bacteria in CP and PI. Clinical and radiographic examination performed over 69 individuals referred to Shahid Beheshti Dental School (Tehran, Iran) and four groups categorized: CP (n=22), HP (n=21), PI (n=13) and HI (n=13). The mean age was 45.6 years, 55% of participants were female and 45% were male. Bacterial samples were collected by paper point method and transferred to Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg (Gothenburg, Sweden) for checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare distribution of bacteria in four groups. Significant differences were observed for T. forsythia, P. intermedia, C. rectus, P. endodontic, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and P. tannerae (P<0.05). The most prevalent bacteria in CP and PI were T. forsythia and P. gingivalis, respectively. In conclusion, bacterial prevalence differs significantly between tooth and implant. The most prevalent bacteria in Iranian subpopulation do not necessarily bear a resemblance to other populations. The type of implant surface may influence the biofilm. Other studies should be conducted to corroborate these findings. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3936 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3936/3911

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 50 7 2012 07 15 493 504 EN Hossein Khalili Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Simin Dashti-Khavidaki Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iman Karimzadeh Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sirous Jafari Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Abdollahi Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Shahidi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zahra Jahangard-Rafsanjani Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Taher Entezari-Maleki Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 09 28 Infectious diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality and the spread of resistant microorganisms is playing a significant role in this regard. The purpose of this study was to assess the trend in antimicrobial resistance of gram-positive bacteria at the main referral teaching hospital in Tehran during a 4-year period. All patients' biological isolates such as blood, urine, wound drainage, synovial fluid, sputum, and cerebrospinal fluid sent to the central laboratory of the hospital from 2007 to 2010 for identification and subsequently, antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method were considered. All isolates (100%) of S. aureus were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid and resistant to amoxicillin. The rate of S. aureus resistance to oxacillin increased from 60.78% in 2007 to 72% in 2010. All isolates of Streptococci in 2007 and 2008 were sensitive to vancomycin; while, 3.33% and 4.76% of Streptococci isolates were reported to be vancomycin-resistant in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Enterococci isolated from the entire specimens were identified to be sensitive to teicoplanin and linezolid and resistant to cloxacillin and oxacillin. The rates of Enterococci sensitivity to vancomycin were 90.91%, 81.25%, 86.67%, and 93.3% in 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Changes of antibiotics sensitivity against g positive pathogens were significant during four years in this study. To minimize the spread of resistant gram positive pathogens, periodic and regular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance pattern is highly recommended. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/3937 https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/download/3937/3912

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 50 7 2012 07 15 505 510 EN Narges Tabrizchi Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Ira