Investigation of the Prevalence of Obesity in Iran: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study
-
Asghar Rahmani
,
Kourosh Sayehmiri
,
Khairollah Asadollahi
,
Diana Sarokhani
,
Farhad Islami
,
Mandana Sarokhani
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main public health problems which underlie many chronic illnesses and socioeconomic difficulties. According to the literature review, there are limited data on the prevalence of obesity in different parts of Iran as well as its trend and prevalence among different age and gender groups. The aim of this study was to estimate the obesity prevalence in Iran using meta-analysis. All the corresponding articles published in the external and internal journals, final reports of research projects, articles of related congresses and the reference index of the correlated papers published between 1995 and 2010 were collected via the electronic research engines (PubMed, Scopus, SID, Magiran, IranMedex). Data were analyzed using meta-analysis (random effects model) and meta-regression). A total of 144 articles with the sample size of 377858 people (134588 males and 164858 females) were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of obesity in populations above the age of 18 was estimated as 21.7% (CI 95%: 18.5% - 25%) and in populations below 18 as 6.1% (CI 95%: 6.8%-5.4%). Meta-regression analysis showed an ascending trend in the prevalence of obesity in Iran. The prevalence rates of obesity according to the BMI index, NCHC and percentile above 95 were 17.4%, 7.6% and7.4%, respectively. The BMI mean was 19.3 in populations below the age of 18 (CI 95%: 17-21.6) and 25.2 in those above the age of 18 (CI 95%: 27.1-23.3). Considering the increasing rate of obesity in Iran and its effects on the public health, corresponding health authorities should revise the obesity preventive programs and, using public health interventions, reduce the rate of obesity in the country.
Obesity and overweight. World health organization. (Accessed in May 2014, 20, at http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en).
Caterson ID, Gill TP. Obesity: epidemiology and possible prevention. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;16(4):595-610 .
James WPT. The epidemiology of obesity: the size of the problem. J Intern Med 2008:263(4);336-52.
Tanner RM, Brown TM, Muntner P. Epidemiology of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Chronic Kidney Disease Curr Hypertens Rep 2012;14(2):152-9.
Kenneth G. MacDonald, Jr. Overview of the Epidemiology of Obesity and the Early History of Procedures to Remedy Morbid Obesity. Arch Surg 2003; 138(4):357-60.
Nguyen DM, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of obesity. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2010;39(1):1-7.
Stice E, Shaw H, Marti CN. A Meta-Analytic Review of= Obesity Prevention Programs for Children and Adolescents: The Skinny on Interventions that Work. Psychol Bull 2006; 132(5):667-91.
Donald F, Behan H, Cox S. Obesity and its Relation to Mortality and Morbidity Costs. Society of Actuaries. (Accessed in May 2014, 20, at www.soa.org/files/pdf/research‐ 2011 -obesity-relationmor tality. pdf).
Avenell A, Broom J, Brown TJ, et al. Systemic review of long –term effects and economic consequence of the treatment for obesity and implications for health improvement. Health Technol Assess 2004;8(21): iii-iv, 1-182 .
James PT. Obesity: the worldwide epidemic. Clin Dermatol 2004;22(4):276-80
Anderson PM, Butcher KE. Childhood obesity: trends and potential causes. Future Child 2006;16(1):19-45
Brantley PJ, Myers VH, Roy HJ. Environmental and lifestyle influences on obesity. J La State Med Soc 2005; 157(1):S19-27.
Mirzazadeh A, Sadeghirad B, Haghdoost AA, et al. The Prevalence of Obesity in Iran in Recent Decade; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. Iranian J Publ Health 2009;38(3):1-11.
Esteghamati A, Meysamie A, Khalilzadeh A, et al. Third national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (SuRFNCD-2007) in Iran: Methods and results on prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, central obesity, and Dyslipidemia. BMC Public Health 2009;9:167.
Youfa WM, Beydoun A. The Obesity Epidemic in the United States—Gender, Age, Socioeconomic, Racial/Ethnic, and Geographic Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis. Epidemiol Rev 2007;29:6-28.
Berghöfer A, Pischon T, Reinhold T, et al. Obesity prevalence from a European perspective: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2008;8:200.
Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, et al. Prevalence and Trends in Obesity among US Adults, 1999-2008. JAMA 2010; 303(3):235-41.
Naghashpour M, Shakerinejad G, Haghighizadeh M, Hajinajaf S, Jarvandi F. Prevalence of Obesity and its Association with Demographic Indices in Referents to University Jahad Khozestan Clinic. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2011; 10(1):21-35.
Nabavi M, Karimi B, Ghorbani R, et al. The prevalence of obesity and associated factors in students aged 7-12. Payesh 2010; 4(9):443-51.
Vafa M, Afshari Sh, Moslehi N, et al. Relationship between infant nutrition feeding and childhood obesity in first grade Tehraian students of primary schools, 2009. IJEM 2011;12(5):505-12.
Damirchi A, Mehrabani J. Overweight and hypertension and their risk factors among adult males. Olympic Q 2009;17(3):87-103.
Golestan M, Akhavan Karbasi S, Fallah Tafti M, et al. Prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight inguidance school students. JSSU 2008;16(2):31-5.
Sotoudeh G, Niyazi E, Khosravi S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of obesity and overweight in pre- and postmonopausal women in Islamshahr: a population-based study. Hayat 2010;16(2):47-54.
Hajian KO, Sajadi P, Rezvani P. Prevalence of overweight and underweight among primary school children age 7-12 years (Babol; 2006). JBUMS 2008;10(3):83-91.
Mohammadian S, Khoddam H, Kaveh M. Related factors of obesity and overweight among secondary school girls (Gorgan-Iran). J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2010;12(3):57-63.
Haeri Behbahani B, Dorosty A, Eshraghian M. Assessment of obesity in children: Fat Mass Index versus Body Mass Index. Tehran Univ Med J 2009;67(6):408-14.
Abadi A, Houshiar A, Hajifaraji M, et al. The Association of Overweight and Obesity with Menarche Age and Nutritional Status in Girls Aged 11–15 in Mashhad. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci 2011;53(4):245-53.
Dorosty AR, Karamsoltani Z, Jazayeri A, et al Association between obesity, food security and related family factors. SJSPH 2008;6(1):1-9.
Abdollahi AA, Bhnampur N, Vagari G, et al. The Correlation Between Age, Gender and Education with Obesity in Urban Population of Golestan Province. IJEM 2010;12(3):276-82.
Ziaee V, Fallah J, Rezaee M, et al. The relationship between body mass index and physical fitness in 513 medical students. Tehran Univ Med J 2007;65(8):79-84.
Abedi GH, Mohammadpour A, Rostami F, et al. Study of Consumption Pattern of Food and Obesity of Female Students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2011;20(80):77-80.
Barzin M, Mirmiran P, Afghan M, et al. Distribution of 10-year risk for coronary heart disease and eligibility for therapeutic approaches among Tehranian adults. Public Health 2011;125(6):338-44.
Zare N, Keshavarzi S, Zeighami B. Some risk factors of obesity in rural women of Zarrindasht: using linearregression odds ratio. Tabib-e-Shargh 2007;9(2):133-40.
Akhavan-Karbasi S, Fallah R, Golestan M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of obesity and overweight among primary school children in Yazd. JSSU 2009;16(5):8-13.
Ahmadnia A, Emamghole KT, Ahmadnia H, et al. An Investigation about Anthropometric Indicator for Inhabitants of Zanjan in Comparison with NCHS Standards. ZUMS J 2010;18(71):70-80.
Najafi S, Momennasab M, Tarahi MJ. Prevalence of obesity and overweight among 25 - 64 years old adults in Khorramabad. Iran J Diabetes Lipid Disord 2009;8(2):167-76.
Mozafari H, Nabaei B. Assessment of underweight and overweight in elementary school-girls in Tehran. Payesh J 2001;1(4):15-9.
Khabazkhoob M, Fotouhi A, Moradi A, et al. Thinness and Obesity Based on Body Mass Index in Dezfool Schoolchildren in 2004. IRJE 2008;3(3-4):35-43.
Soheilifar J, Sadri GH. Prevalence of obesity in Hamadan primary schools’ students in 1998. Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2000;7(16):15-9.
Barzin M, Mirmiran P, Ramezankhani A, et al. Prevalence of Obesity in Young Tehranian Males (18-25y) Entering Military Service (Shahrivar 1386). IJEM 2009;10(6):605-13.
Sarvghadi F, Rambod M, Hosseinpanah F, et al. Prevalence of obesity in subjects aged 50 years and over in Tehran. IJEM 2007;9(1):99-104.
Janghorbani M, Amini M, Willett WC, et al. First Nationwide Survey of Prevalence of Overweight, Underweight, and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007;15(11):2797-808.
Tohidi M, Kalantar-Hormozi MR, Adinehpour A, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in the city of Shiraz in 2008. Iran J Diabetes Lipid Disord 2009;Special Issue:43-8.
Zarei M, Hamedinia M, Haghi A, et al. Epidemiology of obesity and thinness and its relation to dietary patterns in adolescents 14-12 years of Sabzevar. Quaterlymonitoring 2011;10(2):243-53.
Khabazkhoob M, Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, et al. Obesity and over weight in Tehran population, 2001. Iran J Diabetes Lipid Disord 2008;7(3):315-24.
Mohammadifard N, Shams HR, Paknahad Z, et al. Relationship between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in adults living in central Iran: Results of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2009;3(4):19-28.
Houshyar Rad A, Dorosty AR, Kalantari N, et al. Prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting and overweight among iranian under-five-year-old children (2000-2002). J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2009;3(4):49-56.
Azarbaijani MA, Alipour S, Bakhshandeh H, et al. The relation between daily physical activity and obesity in 11- year old girls. Teb Va Tazkiyeh 2009;18(4 and 3):19-22.
Rezazadeh A, Rashidkhani B, Omidvar N. Association of major dietary patterns with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors of adult women living in Tehran, Iran. Nutrition. 2010;26 (3):337-41.
Seidamini B, Moradi A, Malek A, et al. Correlation between obesity and overweight with attention deficit among elementary schools girls. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci 2009;11(1):39-42.
Salem Z, Rezaeian M. Blood pressure status and its association with obesity and abdominal obesity in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2007. J Rafsanjan Uni Med Sci 2008;7(3):157-64.
Mohtasham Amiri Z, Madah M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among female medical students in Guilan- 2003. IJEM 2006;8(2):157-62.
Azadbakht L, Zaribaf F, Haghighatdoost F, et al. Association of dietary diversity score with obesity and central adiposity among female university students in Isfahan, Iran. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2010;5(2):27-4.
Nasiri Rineh H, Salarkiya N. The prevalence of obesity and overweight in young women aged 18-25 in Tonekabon 2005. JBUMS 2007;9(3):47-53.
Mirzaeian S, Fakhari M, Hosseini R, et al. Association between duration of breastfeeding and subsequent overweight and obesity in female adolescents. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2011;6(2):65-74.
Ahmadi S, Shahsavari S, Ahmadi H, et al. Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity and Underweight Among High School Students in Sanandaj: 2006-2007. IJEM 2010;12(2):153-9.
Amidi Mazaheri M, Hoseini M: Prevalence ofunderweight, overweight and obesity among high school girls in Isfahan. J Health Syst Res 2010;6(1):1–6.
Ghanbari H, Nuri R, Moghadasi M, et al. Prevalence of Obesity and Some Associated Factors Among 8-12 Year Old Boy Students in Shiraz. IJEM 2013;15(1):14-20.
Doost-Mohammadian A, Keshavarz A, Dorosty A, et al. Survey of the nutritional status and relationship between physical activity and nutritional attitude with index of BMI-for-age in Semnan girl secondary school, winter and spring, 2004. Koomesh 2005;6(3):187-94.
Solaimanizadeh L, Solaimanizadeh F, Javadi M, et al. The study of body mass index in students of Bam educational centers. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2008;9(4):59-66.
Taheri F, Kazemi T, Taghizadeh B, et al. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Birjand Adolescents. IJEM 2008;10(2):121-6.
Mohammadi F, Omidvar N, Houshyar Rad A, et al. Association of food security and body weight status of adult members of Iranian households. J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2008;3(2):41-53.
Eshghinia S Veghari G, Gapparof M.G. The effect of weight loss on components of the metabolic syndrome among obese women. Proceedings of 2nd International Congress of Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity & Diabetes. 2010 June 16-18. Zanjan, Iran. Zanjan: University of Medical Sciences; 2010.
Saberi H, Moraveji A, Parastouie K. Metabolic syndrome among professional bus and truck drivers in Kashan 2008. ISMJ 2009;12(2):126-32.
Esmaeillzadeh A, Azadbakht L, Khoshfetrat M, et al. Major dietary patterns, general and central adiposity among Tehran female teachers. J Health Sys Res 2011;6(4):676-89.
Rafiei M. Prevalence of low Birth weight and obesity and some concomitant Factors in live off spring in 2006 and compare with 2002 result’s Arak Talleghani Hospital. Iran J of Podiatr 2007;17(1):47-53.
Delvarian-Zadeh M, Khosravi A, Bolbolhaghighi N, et al. Relationship between anthropometric parameters with menarche age of school girls (11-14 years old) in Shahroud. Knowledge Health2008 2008;3(3-4):43-7.
Mirmiran P, Esmaeelzadeh A, Azadbakht L, et al. Macronutrient intake in relation to body mass index: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). IJEM 2003;5(3):195-202.
Amirkhizi F, Siassi F, Djalali M, et al. Assessment of body mass index and its relationship with iron status indices among women in rural areas of Kerman province, Iran. Koomesh 2007;9(1):41-6.
Farbakhsh F, Shafieezadeh T, Ramezankhani A, et al.= Association between body mass index (BMI) and sociodemographic factors among Iranian females aged 15-44 years. Pajouhesh 2007;31(2):133-9.
Khoushfetrat MR, Rahmani Kh, Kalantari N, et al. The association of total energy, macronutrients intake and meal-derived energy with body mass index. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci 2006;10(40):36-44.
Sharifi A, Amani R, Hamidipour N. Prevalence of Obesity and its Related Lifestyle Pattern in Male Personnel of Jundi-Shapour University of Medical Sciences - 2005. IJEM 2008;10(3):235-9.
Sarshar N, Khajavi A. The prevalence of obesity in females of 15–65 years of age in Gonabad, Iran. Horizon Med Sci 2006;12(3):38-43.
Soheilifar J, Emdadi M. Relation between breast feeding with overweight and obesity in Hamadan primary school children. Scientific J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2005;12(2):54-7.
Agheli N, Assefzadeh S, Rajabi M. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among population aged over 30 years in Rasht and Qazvin. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci 2005;9(2):59-65.
Zieaei V, Kelishadi R, Ardalan G, et al. Physical activities in Iranian students CASPIAN study. IJP 2006;16(2):157-64.
Fallah b, Keshavarz S, Hosseini M, et al. Comparison of nutritional status and related factors among pupiles aged 11-14 year olds in public and private schools of Damghan (2005). Koomesh 2007;8(2):53-60.
Ostad Rahimi A, Zarghami N, Alani B, et al. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Some of its Risk Factors in Reproductive Age Women in Tabriz. Clinica Chemica Acta 2005;355:S254.
Vahidi Nia AA, Sardarian K. Assessment of nutritional status in rural regions of Hamadan city/Iran, 2003. ISMJ 2006;8(2):187-93.
Bayegi F, Dorosti Mottlagh AR, Eshraghian MR, et al.Familial risk factors of obesity in Neishabour school children. Payesh 2009;8(3):289-96.
Akha O, Teimoorzadeh M, Kashi Z, et al. A Study on 6- 18 years-old girl students about weight and height in Sari. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2008;18(67):50-7.
Hajifaraji M, Esfarjani F, Roustaee R, et al. Assessment of anthropometric status of adolescents in public guidance schools in East Tehran, 2006. AJM 2006;2(2):37-43.
Amini M, OmidvarN, kimiagar M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among junior high school students in a district of Tehran. J Res Med Sci 2007;12(6):315-9.
Ebrahimzadeh B, Kalantari N, Abadi A: The prevalence of obesity and its relative factors among less than 5 years aged children, Bandar Turkmen district, Iran. J Kerman Univer Med Sci 2012;19(4):384-91. Behzadnia S, Vahidshahi K, Hamzeh Hosseini S, et al. Obesity and related factors in 7-12 year-old elementary school students during 2009-2010 in Sari, Iran. Med Glas (Zenica). 2012; 9(1):86-90.
Azadbakh L, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Prevalence and associates of obesity in Tehran adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. IJEM 2004;5(4):379-87.
Heydari ST, Ayatollahi SMT, Zare N. Diagnostic Value of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis versus Body Mass Index for Detection of Obesity among Students. Asian J Sports Med 2011;2(2):68-74.
Hakim S, Dorosty AR, Eshraghian MR. Association of Food Insecurity and Household Socio-Economic Status with the Body Mass Index among Urban Women in Dezful. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res 2010;8(2):55-6.
Mohammad K, Golestan B, Majdzade R, et al. Socioeconomic Status and Obesity Relationship in Non-Menopause Women Aged 15-49 Years in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Public Health 2009;38(3):84-9.
Hosseini Kakhk AR, Safari M, Hamidnia MR. Healthrelated fitness factors in adolescent boys in Sabzevar. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci 2011;18(1):55-66.
Shamsi A, Ebadi A. Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Elderly People. IJCCN 2011;3(4):187-94.
Dorosti Motlagh AR, Houshyar Rad A, Mohammad pour Ahranjani B, et al. Determination of the most prevalent body mass index standard references to define obese Iranian school-age children. J Nutr Sci Food Tech 2009;4(2):71-80.
Navaii L, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F. An epidemiologic study of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and hypertension in Tehran villages. IJEM 2000;2(4):253-62.
Rahmati F, MoghadasTabrizi Y, Shidfar F, et al. Prevalence of obesity and hypertension among Tehran university students. Payesh 2004;3(2):123-30.
Barzigar A, Shojaei Tehrani H. Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Sowme Sara district of Gilan in 1996. J Kerman Univ Med Sci 1997;4(4):182-89.
Ghorbani R, Nazari AA. Prevalence of obesity and some factors associated with in Semnan population aged 20-55= years. Koomesh 2000;1(2):19-24.
Mozaffari H, Keshavars SA, Dehkordi H, et al. The prevalence of obesity among primary school students and its relationship to their parents’ obesity. J Shahid- Sadoughi Univ Med Sci Health Serv 1999;2(1):17-24.
Mohammadi N, Shobeiri F, Kherolahi A, et al. Frequency of Over Wieght & Obesity of Women in Referents to Medical and Health Centers in Hamadam City. Nasim- Danesh (Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Faculty) 2011, 19(36):36-41.
Allahverdian S, Mirmiran P, Rahmani M, et al. Assessment of nutrient intake and obesity in a group of Tehranian adolescents Tehran Lipid & Glucose Study. IJEM 2000;2(3):175-85.
Mojibian M, Ghilian Z. Prevalence of obesity among women in Yazd city in 2000. J Shahid-Sadoughi Univ Med Sci Health Services 2000;9(4):36-42.
Sezavar H, Mohammadi MA. Prevalence of obesity and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ardabil city in 2000. Scientific J Ardabil Univ Med Sci 2002;2(1):21-6.
Dorosty AR, Siassi F, Reilly JJ. Obesity in Iranian children. Arch Dis Child 2002;87:388-91.
Azizi F, Emami H, Salehi P, et al. Risk factors of cardiovascular disease among elderly in Tehran (Tehran Lipid Glucose Study). IJEM 2002;5(1):3-14.
Mortazavi Z, Shahrakipoor M. Body Mass Index in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Students. Tabibe- Shargh 2002;4(1):81-6.
Fakhrzadeh H, Batoei M, Faridnia P, et al. Overweight and obesity in oil industry workers on Kharg Island. ISMJ 2002;5(1):73-81.
Kavian F, Kimiagar M, Golestan B, et al. The prevalence of obesity and body fat distribution among female’s workers in Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Pajouhandeh 2002;25:459-63.
Gargari BP, Behzad MH, Ghassabpour S, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among high-school girls in Tabriz, Iran, in 2001. Food Nutr Bull 2004;25(3):288-91.
Taheri F. Epidemiologic study of obesity in school age children in Birjand. J Birjand Univ Med Sci 2002;9:18-22.
Akhavan Tabib A, Kelishadi R, Sadri G, et al. Healthy Heart Program: Obesity in center of Iran. J Qazvin Uni Med Sci 2003;26:27-35.
Kelishadi R, Pour MH, Sarraf-zadegan N, et al. Obesity and associated modifiable environmental factors in Iranian adolescents: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program-Heart Health Promotion from Childhood. Pediatr Int 2003;45(2):435-42.
Shahgholian N, Aein F, Deris F. 90th percentile of body mass index (BMI) and some obesity risk factors among 7- 12 years old school children, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiary, 2002. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2004;5(4):42-8.
Akbari S. The prevalence of obesity and its association with unovolation in female students of Khoram Abad high-schools. Yafteh 2003;4(1):33-8.
Tabatabaei M, Dorosty AR, Siassi F, et al. Using different reference values to determine prevalence of obesity among school children in Ahwaz. SJSPH 2004;2(1):11-8.
Gheibi SS, Fakoor Z, Alizadegan M, et al. The prevalence of obesity among girl students in Urmia in 2002-3. Iran J Pediatr 2003;13(1):1-8.
Mirmiran P, Mohamadi F, Mehrabi Y, et al. Alarming trend of waist circumference in Tehranian children and adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. IJEM 2004;6(3):249-55.
Jamshidian-Tehrani M, Kalantari N, Azadbakht L, et al. Osteoporosis risk factors in Tehrani women aged 40-60 years. IJEM 2004;6(2):139-45.
Karandish M, Mohammadpour-Ahranjani B, Kalantari N, et al. The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adolescent Students in Tehran. Hakim 2004;7(3):38-43.
Mirmiran P, Mir Bolooki MR, Mohammadi Nasrabadi F, et al. Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in Tehran adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. IJEM 2004;5(4):371-7.
Mozaffari H, Dehghani A, Afkhami M, et al. The prevalence of obesity in primary school students in Yazd province. Proceedings of the 8th Iranian Congress of nutrition. 2004 Sep 6-9. Tehran, Iran. Tehran: University of Medical Sciences; 2004.
Shahidi N, Mirmiran P, Amirkhani F. Prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity and their association with diet pattern of male adolescent in Tabriz. Res Med 2004;28(4):255-63.
Vaghari GH. Obesity among mothers in rural Golestan. SJSPH 2005;3(1):21-8.
Heshmat R, Fakhrzadeh H, Pour-Ebrahim R, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors study in the inhabitants of Tehran University of Medical Sciences population Lab: Statistical design and sampling. IJDLD 2004;3(0):21-6.
Azizi T, Harati H, Mirbolooki M, et al. Association of different anthropometric measures and type 2 diabetes in an Iranian urban population. IJEM 2005;7(2):103-10.
Bazhan M, Kalantari N, Ghaffarpoor M, et al. Prevalence of obesity, fat distribution and its relationship with food consumption pattern in secondary school girls in Lahijan. IJEM 2005;7(1):37-46.
Kelishadi R, Sadri G, Tavasoli A, et al. Cumulative prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Iranian adolescents. J Pediatr 2005;81(6):447-53. 125. Asar S, Asghari S. Prevalence of obesity & overweight among 7-14 years old students in the city of Ahwaz. Sci Med J Ahvaz Univ Med Sci 2005;44(1):11-20.
Dorosty Motlagh AR, Hodjat P. The prevalence of obesity and its association with the parents obesity in primary school girls in Tehran in 2002. Scientific J Tehran Univ Med Sci 2005;62:942-7.
Azizi F, Mirmiran P, Azadbakht L. Trends in Overweight, Obesity and Central Fat Accumulation among Tehranian Adults between 1998-1999 and 2001- 2002: Tehran Lipid & Glucose Study. Ann Nutr Metab 2005;49(1):3-8.
Mostafavi H, Dabagh Manesh M, Zare N. Prevalence of obesity and over weight in adolescents and adult population in Shiraz. IJEM 2005;25(1):57-66.
Rahmani Nia F, Daneshmandi H, Darbani H. Determination of overweight and obesity prevalence among male students and its relationship with physical activity- level. Harkat 2005;23(1):47-60.
Valizadeh M, Sohbatlou F, Mosavi Nasab N. The anthropometric measures (weight, height and body mass index) of middle school girls in Zanjan 2004-5. Sci J Zanjan Med Uni 2005;13(1):30-6.
Safari S, Sheikh Aleslam R, Abdolahi Z, et al. The prevalence of over-weight and obesity among elderly individuals in spring 2001. Proceedings of the 9th Iranian Congress of nutrition. 2006 Sep 4-7. Tabriz, Iran. Tabriz: University of Medical Sciences, 2006.
Karaji Bani M, Montazeri Far F, Mohammadi M, et al. The prevalence of obesity and wasting in primary school girls in the city of Zahedan. Tabib-e-Shargh 2005;4:289-96.
Khaji A, Khodaei S, Kar Bakhsh M, et al. Blood pressure and obesity in young adolescents in Tehran. Iran J Pediatr 2006;16(1):45-50.
Alavi Naieny AM, Dorosti Motlagh AR. Survey of obesity, underweight and associated factors in elderly people, using some of anthropometric indices in Isfahan city, 2004. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2006;16(52):117-23.
Mozafari M, Nosrati S, Purmansour G, et al. Factors affecting the prevalence of obesity among 15-49 years old women referred to urban health clinics in Ilam in 2004. J Ilam Univ Med Sci 2006;14(1):8-17.
Mazloomzadeh S, Moosavi A, Dinmohammadi H. Epidemiology of overweight and obesity in Zanjan province 2005. Scientific J Zanjan Med Uni 2005;14(1):57-64.
Bahrami H, Sadatsafavi M, Pourshams A, et al. Obesity and hypertension in an Iranian cohort study; Iranian women experience higher rates of obesity and hypertension than American women. BMC Public Health 2006;6(1):1-9.
Montazerifar F, Karajibani M, Dashipour A. The prevalence of obesity and wasting and their correlation with food intake in female junior school students in Zahedan, 2004. ISMJ 2006;1(1):66-76.
Golchin S, Fallah H. Height, weight, BMI and nutrient intake among 11-14 year-old adolescent in nongovernmental schools, Dameghan. Proceedings of the 9th Iranian Congress of nutrition. 2006 Sep 4-7. Tabriz, Iran. Tabriz: University of Medical Sciences, 2006.
Sharabi M, Safavi M, Zarezadeh M, et al. Prevalence of over-weight and obesity among children aged 2-6 years in kindergartens. Proceedings of the 9th Iranian Congress of nutrition. 2006 Sep 4-7. Tabriz, Iran. Tabriz: University of Medical Sciences, 2006.
Safarian M, Moradi R, Shakeri MT, et al. Prevalence of over-weight and obesity in adolescent girls in Mashahd. Proceedings of the 9th Iranian Congress of nutrition. 2006 Sep 4-7. Tabriz, Iran. Tabriz: University of Medical Sciences, 2006.
Mortazavi Z, Shahrakipoor M. Body Mass Index in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Students. Tabibe- Shargh 2002;4(1):81-6.
Vaghari GR, Marjani AJ, Kordjazi ML. Prevalence of obesity in inder 5-year-old children in rural areas of Gorgan. Proceedings of the 9th Iranian Congress of nutrition. 2006 Sep. 4-7. Tabriz, Iran. Tabriz: University of Medical Sciences, 2006.
Farshidi H, Zare S, Booshehri E. Association of different anthropometric measures and blood pressure in adult population of Bandar-abbas city. Hormozgan Med J 2006;10:111-8.
Mozaffari H, Nabaei B. Obesity and related risk factors. Indian J Pediatr 2007;74:265-7.
Karam Soltani Z, Dorosty Motlagh AR, Eshraghian MR, et al. Obesity and food security in Yazd primary school students. TUMJ 2007;65(7):68-76.
Hajian K, Heidari B. Prevalence of obesity, central obesity and the associated factors in urban population aged 20-70 years, in the north of Iran: apopulation-based study and regression approach. Obes Rev 2007;8(1):3-10.
Jafari Rad S, Keshavarz SA, Dorosty AR. Factors The nutritional factors by body mass index in young women in high school in Sari, 2003. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Indust 2007;2(1):51-6.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53, No 10 (2015) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Iran Meta-analysis Obesity Overweight Prevalence | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
