Original Article

Preptin and Myostatin Independently Increase in Pre-Diabetics and Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The relation between serum preptin, myostatin, insulin, and also homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance were examined in pre-diabetes persons and newly diagnosed patients with overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 84 subjects were included in the study and assigned into three groups: normoglycemic participants (group 1=27), pre-diabetes (group 2=30), and T2DM (group 3=29). Serum insulin, preptin, and myostatin levels were measured with immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), respectively. Patients with T2DM had higher levels of preptin compared to normoglycemic (461.25±53.90 vs. 407.54±54.78, P<0.001). Furthermore, these patients had elevated levels of myostatin compared with controls (2710.60±559.09 vs. 2246.37±416.40, P<0.001). Preptin and myostatin both positively correlated with serum insulin (r=0.369, P=0.01, and r=0.309, P=0.04, respectively). However, no significant association was found between serum preptin and myostatin levels. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that insulin was affected more by preptin, with only a trivial contribution from myostatin. Serum preptin and myostatin levels increase in pre-diabetic subjects and even further in type 2 diabetic patients. The correlation between preptin and insulin evolves when pre-diabetes or overt type 2 diabetes develops. Moreover, serum myostatin increases in association with insulin and not HOMA-IR in diabetic conditions.

Salehi A, de la Cour CD, Håkanson R, Lundquist I. Effects of ghrelin on insulin and glucagon secretion: a study of isolated pancreatic islets and intact mice. Regulatory peptides. 2004;118(3):143-50.

Cornish J, Callon KE, Bava U, et al. Preptin, another peptide product of the pancreatic β-cell, is osteogenic in vitro and in vivo. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2007;292(1):E117-E22.

Abd El Dayem Soha M, Battah Ahmed A, El Shehaby A, Abd Allah N. Assessment of human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (YKL-40), preptin, and nitric oxide in adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes and its relation to cardiorenal affection. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism; 2015:309.

Aslan M, Celik O, Karsavuran N, et al. Maternal serum and cord blood preptin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Perinatol. 2011;31(5):350-5.

Bu Z, Kuok K, Meng J, Wang R, Xu B, Zhang H. The relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome, glucose tolerance status and serum preptin level. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2012;10(1):10.

Yang G, Li L, Chen W, Liu H, Boden G, Li K. Circulating preptin levels in normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Annals of medicine. 2009;41(1):52-6.

Aahmad SNS, Nourollahi S, Kazerouni F, et al. Investigation of the relation between bone mass density and serum preptin levels in pre-and postmenopausal women. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism. 2017:1-6.

Brandt C, Nielsen AR, Fischer CP, Hansen J, Pedersen BK, Plomgaard P. Plasma and Muscle Myostatin in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes. PLOS ONE. 2012;7(5):e37236.

Guo T, Jou W, Chanturiya T, Portas J, Gavrilova O, McPherron AC. Myostatin Inhibition in Muscle, but Not Adipose Tissue, Decreases Fat Mass and Improves Insulin Sensitivity. PLOS ONE. 2009;4(3):e4937.

Sáinz N, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, et al. Leptin Administration Favors Muscle Mass Accretion by Decreasing FoxO3a and Increasing PGC-1α in ob/ob Mice. PLOS ONE. 2009;4(9):e6808.

Coleman SK, Rebalka IA, D’Souza DM, Deodhare N, Desjardins EM, Hawke TJ. Myostatin inhibition therapy for insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes. Scientific reports. 2016;6:32495.

Wang F, Liao Y, Li X, Ren C, Cheng C, Ren Y. Increased circulating myostatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Medical Sciences]. 2012;32(4):534-9.

Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(Supplement 1):S81-S90.

Baykus Y, Gurates B, Aydin S, et al. Changes in serum obestatin, preptin and ghrelins in patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical Biochemistry. 2012;45(3):198-202.

Buchanan CM, Phillips AR, Cooper GJ. Preptin derived from proinsulin-like growth factor II (proIGF-II) is secreted from pancreatic islet β-cells and enhances insulin secretion. Biochemical Journal. 2001;360(2):431-9.

García-Fontana B, Reyes-García R, Morales-Santana S, et al. Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state? Endocrine. 2016;52(1):54-62.

Wilkes JJ, Lloyd DJ, Gekakis N. Loss-of-function mutation in myostatin reduces tumor necrosis factor α production and protects liver against obesity-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009;58(5):1133-43.

Zhang L, Rajan V, Lin E, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin suppresses systemic inflammation and muscle atrophy in mice with chronic kidney disease. The FASEB Journal. 2011;25(5):1653-63.

El-Eshmawy M, Abdel Aal I. Relationships between preptin and osteocalcin in obese, overweight, and normal weight adults. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2015;40(3):218-22.

Files
IssueVol 57, No 3 (2019) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v57i3.1818
Keywords
Myostatin Preptin Insulin HOMA-IR Type 2 diabetes
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Nazari Soltan Ahmad S, Nourollahi S, Nakhjavani M, Khojastehfard M, Mostafazadeh M, Hajipour H, Sanajou D. Preptin and Myostatin Independently Increase in Pre-Diabetics and Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Acta Med Iran. 2019;57(3):160-166.