Virtual Grand Round in Medical Education: A Literature Review Based on Medical Universities Experiences

Abstract

This study tries to review the experience of universities in detecting patterns that have been followed in holding Grand Rounds by them and achieving the set of factors needed to hold this event with high quality. In this literature review study, 268 titles of English articles were collected between 1960 and 2021 in the international databases of Cochrane, ERIC, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, and Web of Science. The keywords included "Grand Round," "Medical Grand Round," "Virtual Grand Round," and "digital Grand Round." Based on the PISISMA diagram guide, after "quality review," eight articles remained in the study. Traditional content analysis methods were used to extract data, which was then inductively classified as a four-phase-ADDIE model, which includes Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Evaluation. In other words, the ADDIE model is used as a guide in determining the quality status of the virtual grand design of other studies. The analysis is always one of the main phases of the ADDIE model, so the information in this main theme was essentially divided into two sub-themes: "teaching facilities" and "conditions," in which all the measures are taken to assess the feasibility of the course were included. In the "implementation" theme, just one article described the complete format of holding a virtual grand round, emphasizing the teaching method, case type, and presentation platform. In the "evaluation" theme, all eight articles evaluated the results of the virtual course in some way using student perspectives. A deeper review of the experiences showed that no specific and complete instructional design model was used to design and implement this program. In this review, it was found that the documented experiences regarding holding this program in virtual mode are very limited. Besides, the lack of applying an instructional model effectively makes the citation challenges.