Virtual Grand Rounds in Medical Education During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
Abstract
Medical grand rounds as a key teaching exercise originating from the bedside rounds conducted by prominent clinicians. Traditional (face-to-face) Ground Rounds have been robust in medical education that can update students 'information and help students' clinical decisions in treating their patients. Due to the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its effects on different aspects of life, including education, most medical universities have begun to use online education as a new way to provide medical education, and online classes have become one of the common teaching methods. Virtual Grand Round sessions were implemented to facilitate continuity of care. Implementing virtual grand rounds during the pandemic period and considering the results and effectiveness from the perspective of students as direct benefactors can provide a good understanding of the potential of this method of e-learning. This article provides an overview of which medical disciplines have used the virtual Grand Round program for education during the COVID-19 pandemic and what are the benefits and results.
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2. Bulcão-Neto RF, Sankarankutty AK, Macedo AA, Azevedo-Marques P, Wichert-Ana L, Camacho-Guerrero J, editors. Supporting ethnographic studies of ubiquitous computing in the medical grand round experience. Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), 2008 March. 16-20:1642-6.
3. Hull AL, Cullen RJ, Hekelman FP. A retrospective analysis of grand rounds in continuing medical education. J Contin Educ Health Prof 1989;9:257-66.
4. Stanyon M, Khan SA. Requiem for the grand round. Clin Med (Lond) 2015;15:10-1.
5. Dolcourt JL, Zuckerman G, Warner K. Learners' decisions for attending Pediatric Grand Rounds: a qualitative and quantitative study. BMC Med Educ 2006;6:26.
6. Kassirer JP, Kopelman RI. Clinical problem solving at grand rounds. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1990;25:51, 54-5, 58-9.
7. Valizadeh L, Zamanzadeh V, Namadi M, Alizadeh S. Nursing grand rounds: an integrative review. Med Surg Nurs J 2019;8:e97107.
8. Van Hoof TJ, Monson RJ, Majdalany GT, Giannotti TE, Meehan TP. A case study of medical grand rounds: are we using effective methods? Acad Med 2009;84:1144-51.
9. Parrino TA, White AT. Grand rounds revisited: results of a survey of U.S. Departments of Medicine. Am J Med 1990;89:491-5.
10. Rajab MH, Gazal AM, Alkattan K. Challenges to Online Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus. 2020;12:e8966.
11. Caruana EJ, Patel A, Kendall S, Rathinam S. Impact of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on training and well-being in subspecialty surgery: A national survey of cardiothoracic trainees in the United Kingdom. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020;160:980-7.
12. Fuller S, Vaporciyan A, Dearani JA, Stulak JM, Romano JC. COVID-19 Disruption in Cardiothoracic Surgical Training: An Opportunity to Enhance Education. Ann Thorac Surg 2020;110:1443-6.
13. Cho MJ, Hong JP. Plastic Surgery Education during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Leveling the Playing Field. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2020;8:e2925.
14. Fasbinder DJ, Heys DR, Holland GR, Keerthy A, Murdoch-Kinch CA, Inglehart MR. Grand rounds for dental students: an exploration. J Dent Educ 2015;79:510-22.
15. Amiri M, Hamedi D, Moradi N, Taheri F, Akbari M, Bayat A, et al. Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of an Online Grand Round between Audiology and Occupational Therapy Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Future Med Educ J 2021;11:37-42.
16. Xu L, Ambinder D, Kang J, Faris S, Scarpato K, Moy L, et al. Virtual grand rounds as a novel means for applicants and programs to connect in the era of COVID-19. Am J Surg 2021;221:956-61.
17. Tang OY, Ruddell JH, Hilliard RW, Schiffman FJ, Daniels AH. Improving the online presence of residency programs to ameliorate COVID-19's impact on residency applications. Postgrad Med 2021;133:404-8.
18. Smigelski M, Movassaghi M, Small A. Urology Virtual Education Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Urol Rep 2020;21:50.
19. Ding M, Wang Y, Braga LH, Matsumoto ED. Urology education in the time of COVID-19. Can Urol Assoc J 2020;14:E231-2.
20. Baker J, Savage A, Pendleton S, Bate JM. Implementation of multidisciplinary reflective rounds within a children's hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Paediatr Child Health 2021;57:1044-8.
21. Goodwin MM, Baptiste DL, Davidson PM. Cultivating clinical-academic partnerships through a Virtual Nursing Grand Rounds series. J Clin Nurs 2021;30:e21-2.
22. Chen Y, Nagendran M. Postgraduate medical education after COVID-19: reflections on decision-making and the state of UK medical Grand Rounds. Postgrad Med J 2020;98:e94-5.
23. Byrnes YM, Luu NN, Frost AS, Chao TN, Brody RM, Cannady SB, et al. Evaluation of an interactive virtual surgical rotation during the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;24:10.
24. Bernstein JD, Ball LL, Nardone ZB, Watson D. A virtual sub-internship for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2021;6:952-7.
25. Go B, Rajasekaran K. Effect of COVID-19 in selecting otolaryngology as a specialty. Head Neck 2020;42:1409-10.
26. Peterson A, Rose S, Solbak NM, Zaver F, Dowling SK. Virtual grand rounds in the Calgary Emergency Medicine Department. CJEM. 2021;23:414.
27. Gottlieb M, Landry A, Egan DJ, Shappell E, Bailitz J, Horowitz R, et al. Rethinking Residency Conferences in the Era of COVID-19. AEM Educ Train 2020;4:313-7.
28. Cinelli E, Megna M, Di Guida A, Greco V, Annunziata MC, Fabbrocini G. Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australas J Dermatol 2020;61:e471-2.
29. Saadat M, Moradi N, Yazdi MS, Orakifar N, Beydokhti MH, Behdarvandan A, et al. The Effect of a Virtual Grand Round on Satisfaction and the Level of Learning of Physiotherapy and Speech Therapy Students During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Med Educ Dev 2021;16:47-54.
30. Huang LY, McKenty N, Alvarez A, Gober J, Irwin R, Molinares D, et al. Virtually Possible: Medical Student Rehabilitation Rotations During a Pandemic. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021;100:831-6.
31. Wendt S, Abdullah Z, Barrett S, Daruwalla C, Go JA, Le B, et al. A virtual COVID-19 ophthalmology rotation. Surv Ophthalmol 2021;66:354-61.
32. Duong AT, Van Tassel SH, Alzaga Fernandez AG, Amin A, Chadha N, Dagi Glass LR, et al. Medical Education and Path to Residency in Ophthalmology in the COVID-19 Era: Perspective from Medical Student Educators. Ophthalmology 2020;127:e95-8.
33. Parija S, Das S. COVID-19 and the medical education system in ophthalmology - Lessons learned and future directions. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:1332-3.
34. Wong TY, Bandello F. Academic Ophthalmology during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ophthalmology 2020;127:e51-2.
35. Mishra K, Boland MV, Woreta FA. Incorporating a virtual curriculum into ophthalmology education in the coronavirus disease-2019 era. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2020;31:380-5.
36. Anwar A, Seger C, Tollefson A, Diachun CAB, Tanaka P, Umar S. Medical education in the COVID-19 era: Impact on anesthesiology trainees. J Clin Anesth 2020;66:109949.
37. Abi-Rafeh J, Azzi AJ. Emerging role of online virtual teaching resources for medical student education in plastic surgery: COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020;73:1575-92.
38. Cho MJ, Hong JP. The emergence of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic: The past, present, and future of the plastic surgery education. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021;74:1413-21.
39. Ellison EC, Spanknebel K, Stain SC, Shabahang MM, Matthews JB, Debas HT, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators. J Am Coll Surg 2020;231:613-26.
40. Kania K, Abu-Ghname A, Agrawal N, Maricevich RS. Four Strategies for Plastic Surgery Education amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020;146:252e-3.
41. Lazaro T, Srinivasan VM, Rahman M, Asthagiri A, Barkhoudarian G, Chambless LB, et al. Virtual education in neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurosurg Focus 2020;49:E17.
42. Sutzko DC, Martin CA, Chu DI. Development and implementation of virtual grand rounds in surgery. Am J Surg 2021;221:46-8.
43. Tomlinson SB, Hendricks BK, Cohen-Gadol AA. Editorial. Innovations in neurosurgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: is it time to reexamine our neurosurgical training models? J Neurosurg 2020:1-2.
44. Tuma F, Nituica C, Mansuri O, Kamel MK, McKenna J, Blebea J. The academic experience in distance (virtual) rounding and education of emergency surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. Surg Open Sci 2021;5:6-9.
2. Bulcão-Neto RF, Sankarankutty AK, Macedo AA, Azevedo-Marques P, Wichert-Ana L, Camacho-Guerrero J, editors. Supporting ethnographic studies of ubiquitous computing in the medical grand round experience. Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), 2008 March. 16-20:1642-6.
3. Hull AL, Cullen RJ, Hekelman FP. A retrospective analysis of grand rounds in continuing medical education. J Contin Educ Health Prof 1989;9:257-66.
4. Stanyon M, Khan SA. Requiem for the grand round. Clin Med (Lond) 2015;15:10-1.
5. Dolcourt JL, Zuckerman G, Warner K. Learners' decisions for attending Pediatric Grand Rounds: a qualitative and quantitative study. BMC Med Educ 2006;6:26.
6. Kassirer JP, Kopelman RI. Clinical problem solving at grand rounds. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1990;25:51, 54-5, 58-9.
7. Valizadeh L, Zamanzadeh V, Namadi M, Alizadeh S. Nursing grand rounds: an integrative review. Med Surg Nurs J 2019;8:e97107.
8. Van Hoof TJ, Monson RJ, Majdalany GT, Giannotti TE, Meehan TP. A case study of medical grand rounds: are we using effective methods? Acad Med 2009;84:1144-51.
9. Parrino TA, White AT. Grand rounds revisited: results of a survey of U.S. Departments of Medicine. Am J Med 1990;89:491-5.
10. Rajab MH, Gazal AM, Alkattan K. Challenges to Online Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus. 2020;12:e8966.
11. Caruana EJ, Patel A, Kendall S, Rathinam S. Impact of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on training and well-being in subspecialty surgery: A national survey of cardiothoracic trainees in the United Kingdom. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020;160:980-7.
12. Fuller S, Vaporciyan A, Dearani JA, Stulak JM, Romano JC. COVID-19 Disruption in Cardiothoracic Surgical Training: An Opportunity to Enhance Education. Ann Thorac Surg 2020;110:1443-6.
13. Cho MJ, Hong JP. Plastic Surgery Education during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Leveling the Playing Field. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2020;8:e2925.
14. Fasbinder DJ, Heys DR, Holland GR, Keerthy A, Murdoch-Kinch CA, Inglehart MR. Grand rounds for dental students: an exploration. J Dent Educ 2015;79:510-22.
15. Amiri M, Hamedi D, Moradi N, Taheri F, Akbari M, Bayat A, et al. Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of an Online Grand Round between Audiology and Occupational Therapy Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Future Med Educ J 2021;11:37-42.
16. Xu L, Ambinder D, Kang J, Faris S, Scarpato K, Moy L, et al. Virtual grand rounds as a novel means for applicants and programs to connect in the era of COVID-19. Am J Surg 2021;221:956-61.
17. Tang OY, Ruddell JH, Hilliard RW, Schiffman FJ, Daniels AH. Improving the online presence of residency programs to ameliorate COVID-19's impact on residency applications. Postgrad Med 2021;133:404-8.
18. Smigelski M, Movassaghi M, Small A. Urology Virtual Education Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Urol Rep 2020;21:50.
19. Ding M, Wang Y, Braga LH, Matsumoto ED. Urology education in the time of COVID-19. Can Urol Assoc J 2020;14:E231-2.
20. Baker J, Savage A, Pendleton S, Bate JM. Implementation of multidisciplinary reflective rounds within a children's hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Paediatr Child Health 2021;57:1044-8.
21. Goodwin MM, Baptiste DL, Davidson PM. Cultivating clinical-academic partnerships through a Virtual Nursing Grand Rounds series. J Clin Nurs 2021;30:e21-2.
22. Chen Y, Nagendran M. Postgraduate medical education after COVID-19: reflections on decision-making and the state of UK medical Grand Rounds. Postgrad Med J 2020;98:e94-5.
23. Byrnes YM, Luu NN, Frost AS, Chao TN, Brody RM, Cannady SB, et al. Evaluation of an interactive virtual surgical rotation during the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;24:10.
24. Bernstein JD, Ball LL, Nardone ZB, Watson D. A virtual sub-internship for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2021;6:952-7.
25. Go B, Rajasekaran K. Effect of COVID-19 in selecting otolaryngology as a specialty. Head Neck 2020;42:1409-10.
26. Peterson A, Rose S, Solbak NM, Zaver F, Dowling SK. Virtual grand rounds in the Calgary Emergency Medicine Department. CJEM. 2021;23:414.
27. Gottlieb M, Landry A, Egan DJ, Shappell E, Bailitz J, Horowitz R, et al. Rethinking Residency Conferences in the Era of COVID-19. AEM Educ Train 2020;4:313-7.
28. Cinelli E, Megna M, Di Guida A, Greco V, Annunziata MC, Fabbrocini G. Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australas J Dermatol 2020;61:e471-2.
29. Saadat M, Moradi N, Yazdi MS, Orakifar N, Beydokhti MH, Behdarvandan A, et al. The Effect of a Virtual Grand Round on Satisfaction and the Level of Learning of Physiotherapy and Speech Therapy Students During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Med Educ Dev 2021;16:47-54.
30. Huang LY, McKenty N, Alvarez A, Gober J, Irwin R, Molinares D, et al. Virtually Possible: Medical Student Rehabilitation Rotations During a Pandemic. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021;100:831-6.
31. Wendt S, Abdullah Z, Barrett S, Daruwalla C, Go JA, Le B, et al. A virtual COVID-19 ophthalmology rotation. Surv Ophthalmol 2021;66:354-61.
32. Duong AT, Van Tassel SH, Alzaga Fernandez AG, Amin A, Chadha N, Dagi Glass LR, et al. Medical Education and Path to Residency in Ophthalmology in the COVID-19 Era: Perspective from Medical Student Educators. Ophthalmology 2020;127:e95-8.
33. Parija S, Das S. COVID-19 and the medical education system in ophthalmology - Lessons learned and future directions. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:1332-3.
34. Wong TY, Bandello F. Academic Ophthalmology during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ophthalmology 2020;127:e51-2.
35. Mishra K, Boland MV, Woreta FA. Incorporating a virtual curriculum into ophthalmology education in the coronavirus disease-2019 era. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2020;31:380-5.
36. Anwar A, Seger C, Tollefson A, Diachun CAB, Tanaka P, Umar S. Medical education in the COVID-19 era: Impact on anesthesiology trainees. J Clin Anesth 2020;66:109949.
37. Abi-Rafeh J, Azzi AJ. Emerging role of online virtual teaching resources for medical student education in plastic surgery: COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020;73:1575-92.
38. Cho MJ, Hong JP. The emergence of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic: The past, present, and future of the plastic surgery education. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021;74:1413-21.
39. Ellison EC, Spanknebel K, Stain SC, Shabahang MM, Matthews JB, Debas HT, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators. J Am Coll Surg 2020;231:613-26.
40. Kania K, Abu-Ghname A, Agrawal N, Maricevich RS. Four Strategies for Plastic Surgery Education amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020;146:252e-3.
41. Lazaro T, Srinivasan VM, Rahman M, Asthagiri A, Barkhoudarian G, Chambless LB, et al. Virtual education in neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurosurg Focus 2020;49:E17.
42. Sutzko DC, Martin CA, Chu DI. Development and implementation of virtual grand rounds in surgery. Am J Surg 2021;221:46-8.
43. Tomlinson SB, Hendricks BK, Cohen-Gadol AA. Editorial. Innovations in neurosurgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: is it time to reexamine our neurosurgical training models? J Neurosurg 2020:1-2.
44. Tuma F, Nituica C, Mansuri O, Kamel MK, McKenna J, Blebea J. The academic experience in distance (virtual) rounding and education of emergency surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. Surg Open Sci 2021;5:6-9.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 60 No 8 (2022) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v60i8.10831 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Virtual Grand Round Online Grand Round Medical Education clinical education Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Iran Pour Mobarakeh Z, Yazdani Nejad H, Amiri M, Taheri F. Virtual Grand Rounds in Medical Education During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Acta Med Iran. 2022;60(8):437-478.
