Ophthalmic, Hearing, Speaking and School Readiness Outcomes in Low Birth Weight and Normal Birth Weight Primary School Children in Mashhad-Iran
,
Abstract
Low Birth weight infants are at risk of many problems. Therefore their outcome must evaluate in different ages especially in school age. In this study we determined prevalence of ophthalmic, hearing, speaking and school readiness problems in children who were born low birth weight and compared them with normal birth weight children. In a cross-sectional and retrospective study, all Primary School children referred to special educational organization center for screening before entrance to school were elected in Mashhad, Iran. In this study 2400 children enrolled to study and were checked for ophthalmic, hearing, speaking and school readiness problems by valid instrument. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. This study showed that 8.3% of our population had birth weight less than 2500 gram. Visual impairment in LBW (Low Birth Weight) and NBW (Normal Birth Weight) was 8.29% vs. 5.74% and there was statistically significant difference between them (P=0.015). Hearing problem in LBW and NBW was 2.1% vs. 1.3 and it was not statistically significant. Speaking problem in LBW and NBW was 2.6% vs. 2.2% and it was not statistically significant. School readiness problem in LBW and NBW was 12.4% vs. 5.8% and it was statistically significant (P<0.001). According to the results, neurological problems in our society is more than other society and pay attention to this problem is critical. We believe that in our country, it is necessary to provide a program to routinely evaluate LBW children.
Als H, Butler S. Neurobehavioral development of the preterm infant. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, editors. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. p. 1051-67.
Melamed N, Klinger G, Tenenbaum-Gavish K, Herscovici T, Linder N, Hod M, et al. Short-term neonatal outcome in low-risk, spontaneous, singleton, late preterm deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 2009;114(2 Pt 1):253-60.
Johnston MV, Alemi L, Harum KH. Learning, memory, and transcription factors. Pediatr Res 2003;53(3):369-74.
Wilson-Costello DE, Hack M. Follow-up for high-risk neonates. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, editors. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. p. 1035-43.
Allen MC. Risk assessment and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In: Taeusch HW, Ballard RA, Gleason CA, editors. Avery’s Diseases of the Newborn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. p. 1026-42.
Arnold JE, Sprecher RC. Hearing loss in the newborn infant. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, editors. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2006; p. 1045-49.
Repka MX. Ophthalmological problems of the premature infant. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2002;8(4):249-57.
Grunau RE, Whitfield MF, Davis C. Pattern of learning disabilities in children with extremely low birth weight and broadly average intelligence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156(6):615-20.
Roth S, Wyatt J, Baudin J, Townsend J, Rifkin L, Rushe T, et al. Neurodevelopmental status at 1 year predicts neuropsychiatric outcome at 14-15 years of age in very preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2001;65(2):81-9.
Msall ME, Tremont MR. Measuring functional outcomes after prematurity: developmental impact of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight status on childhooddisability. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2002;8(4):258-72.
Roth SC, Baudin J, McCormick DC, Edwards AD, Townsend J, Stewart AL, et al. Relation between ultrasound appearance of the brain of very preterm infants and neurodevelopmental impairment at eight years. Dev Med Child Neurol 1993;35(9):755-68.
Gross SJ, Slagle TA, D'Eugenio DB, Mettelman BB. Impact of a matched term control group on interpretation of developmental performance in preterm infants. Pediatrics 1992;90(5):681-7.
Ericson A, Kallen B. Very low birth weight boys at the age 19. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1998; 78(3):F171-F174.
Hack M, Flannery DJ, Schluchter M, Cartar L, Borawski E, Klein N. Outcomes in young adulthood for very-lowbirth- weight infants. N Engl J Med 2002;346(3):149-57.
Robinson BE. Factors associated with the prevalence of myopia in 6-year-olds. Optom Vis Sci 1999;76(5):266-71.
Fledelius HC. Ophthalmic changes from age of 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. I. Refraction. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1980;58(6):889-98.
O'Connor AR, Stephenson T, Johnson A, Tobin MJ, Moseley MJ, Ratib S, et al. Long-term ophthalmic outcome of low birth weight children with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics 2002;109(1):12-8.
Rudanko SL, Fellman V, Laatikainen L. Visual impairment in children born prematurely from 1972 through 1989. Ophthalmology 2003;110(8):1639-45.
Engdahl B, Eskild A. Birthweight and the risk of childhood sensorineural hearing loss. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2007;21(6):495-500.
Anderson P, Doyle LW; Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group. Neurobehavioral outcomes of school-age children born extremely low birth weight or very preterm in the 1990s. JAMA 2003;289(24):3264-72.
Jansson-Verkasalo E, Valkama M, Vainionpää L, Pääkkö E, Ilkko E, Lehtihalmes M. Language development in very low birth weight preterm children: a follow-up study. FoliaPhoniatr Logop 2004;56(2):108-19.
Ortiz-Mantilla S, Choudhury N, Leevers H, Benasich AA. Understanding language and cognitive deficits in very low birth weight children. Dev Psychobiol 2008;50(2):107-26.
Lefebvre F, Mazurier E, Tessier R. Cognitive and educational outcomes in early adulthood for infantsweighing 1000 grams or less at birth. Acta Paediatr 2005;94(6):733-40.
Adams-Chapman I. Neurodevelopmental outcome of the late preterm infant. Clin Perinatol 2006;33(4):947-64; abstract xi.
Hollomon HA, Scott KG. Influence of birth weight on educational outcomes at age 9: the Miami site of the Infant Health and Development Program. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1998;19(6):404-10.
Hack M. Young adult outcomes of very-low-birth-weight children. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;11(2):127-37.
Peterson J, Taylor HG, Minich N, Klein N, Hack M. Subnormal head circumference in very low birth weight children: neonatal correlates and school-age consequences. Early Hum Dev 2006;82(5):325-34
Lin MJ, Liu JT, Chou SY. As low birth weight babies grow, can well-educated parents buffer this adverse factor? A research note. Demography 2007;44(2):335-43.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 49, No 1 (2011) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Infant low Birth weight School primary | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
