Depression in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Its Relation to Severity and Type of Cerebral Palsy
Abstract
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) suffer from several problems, so the family especially the mothers undertake a lot of social and emotional difficulties. The purpose of this study was to determine the severity of depression in mothers of children with CP in comparison with mothers who have normal children and its relation to the type of CP and severity of the disability. During this descriptive-analytic study, 43 mothers who had younger than 8 year-old children with CP under rehabilitation services in SABA clinic, related to the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran, were selected as the case group by simple sampling. A data registration form and the Beck Depression Inventory II were completed by them. The type of CP and the severity of disability were determined by a pediatrician and an occupational therapist respectively, using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Seventy-seven mothers of normal children, serving as the control group for comparing with case group, filled in the same questionnaires. There were significant differences in the mean depression scores (P=0.003) between the two groups. Having a child with CP also increases the risk of developing depression in mothers as much as 2.26 times (OR=2.26). There were no statistically significant differences in depression scores and the severity of disability and also among the five types of CP. It seems that having a child with CP is probably associated with higher prevalence and severity of depression in mothers. So treatment or prevention of depression in mothers of children with CP is highly recommended for improving the rehabilitation process and achieve better results in these children.
Götz I, Götz M. Cystic fibrosis: psychological issues.m Paediatr Respir Rev 2000;1(2):121-7.
Bristol MM, Gallagher JJ, Schopler E. Mothers and fathers of young developmentally disabled and nondisabled boys: adaptation and spousal support. Dev Psychol 1988;24(3): 441-51.
Ones K, Yilmaz E, Cetinkaya B, Caglar N. Assessment of the quality of life of mothers of children with cerebral palsy (primary caregivers). Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2005;19(3):232-7.
Manuel J, Naughton MJ, Balkrishnan R, Paterson Smith B, Koman LA. Stress and adaptation in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Psychol 2003;28(3):197-201.
Lambrenos K, Weindling AM, Calam R, Cox AD. The effect of a child's disability on mother's mental health. Arch Dis Child 1996;74(2):115-20.
Kuhsali M, Mirzamani SM, Mohammadkhani P, Karimlou M. Comparison of social adaptation between mothers of educatable mental retarded children with mothers of normal children in Kashan. J Rehabilit Psychol Dis 2007;40-6.
Shariati N, Davarmanesh A. The effects of mental retardation of child on family. Welfare Organization of Iran, 2005.
Norouzinezhad GH. The evaluation of Depression incidence and severity in parents of children with cancer. KhordadMed J 2004;55:40-60.
Sharghi A, Nabaie B, Perak M, Farokhi A. Depression in mothers of children with Thalassemia or hematologic cancers in Child Medical Center. TUMJ 2003;63(7):599-606.
Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997;39(4):214-23.
Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences and Clinical Psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. p. 1161-79.
Rudolph M, Rosanowski F, Eysholdt U, Kummer P. Anxiety and depression in mothers of speech impaired children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2003;67(12):1337-41.
Olsson MB, Hwang CP. Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2001;45(Pt 6):535-43.
Reddon JE, McDonald L, Kysela G. Parental coping and family stress; Resources for and functioning of families with a preschool child having a developmental disability. Early Child Dev Care 1992;83(1):1-26.
Warfield ME, Krauss MW, Hauser-Cram P, Upshur CC, Shonkoff JP. Adaptation during early childhood among mothers of children with disabilities. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1999;20(1):9-16.
Hoare P, Harris M, Jackson P, Kerley S. A communitysurvey of children with severe intellectual disability and their families: psychological adjustment, carer distress and the effect of respite care. J Intellect Disabil Res 1998;42(Pt 3):218-27.
Glasscoe C, Lancaster GA, Smyth RL, Hill J. Parental depression following the early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis: a matched, prospective study. J Pediatr 2007;150(2):185-91.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 48, No 4 (2010) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Depression mothers cerebral palsy muscle spasticity | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
