Trend of Blood Cholesterol Level in Iran: Results of Four National Surveys During 1991-2008
-
Mostafa Hosseini
,
Mahmoud Yousefifard
,
Shervin Taslimi
,
Hamid Sohanaki
,
Keramat Nourijelyani
,
Fereshteh Asgari
,
Koorosh Etemad
,
Jalil Koohpayehzadeh
,
Hamid Heidarian Miri
,
Ali Rafei
,
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
,
Kazem Mohammad
Abstract
Trends in cholesterol level of different populations have been investigated in several studies. This study is conducted to determine the trend of cholesterol level of Iranian adults from 1990 to 2007. Data on cholesterol measurements of four national health surveys that have been carried out in Iran used in this study. Cholesterol level of 12728 adults aged 25-64 were measured in 1990-1 survey. Also in 1999, 2005, and 2007 surveys, blood cholesterol level of 18398, 52344 and 19630 have been sampled, respectively. The median of cholesterol were modeled with age for men and women separately for the four surveys using fractional polynomials. Then, trends in the median of cholesterol across these four surveys were studied. The analysis of cholesterol data over four national health surveys showed that the change in males' cholesterol level had a decreasing trend. This decreasing trend was more pronounced in ages younger than 45 years. However, the medians of cholesterol of females during 16 years of four national surveys had a varying trend. It was decreasing in ages younger than 45; but increasing in ages over 45 years. The median of the cholesterol level of males and females in 2005 survey was on average about 10 mg/dl higher in comparison with the other surveys. Our findings showed that the pattern of trend in cholesterol level of Iranian men and women adults have a considerable difference with those of the other developing and developed countries.
Alwan A, MacLean DR, Riley LM, d'Espaignet ET, Mathers CD, Stevens GA, Bettcher D. Monitoring and surveillance of chronic non-communicable diseases:progress and capacity in high-burden countries. Lancet 2010;376(9755):1861-8.
Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006; 367: 1747-57
Abdesslam B, Boutayeb S. The burden of noncommunicable diseases in developing countries. Int J,Equity Health 2005;4(1):2.
Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006;367(9524):1747-57.
Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJ; Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborating Group. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burdenof disease. Lancet 2002;360(9343):1347-60.
Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Cadwell BL, Imperatore G, Williams DE, Flegal KM, Williamson DF. Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. JAMA 2005;293(15):1868-79.
Hickman TB, Briefel RR, Carroll MD, Rifkind BM, Cleeman JI, Maurer KR, Johnson CL. Distributions and Trends of Serum Lipid Levels among United States Children and Adolescents Ages 4-19 Years: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Prev Med 1998;27(6):879-90.
Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P, Alfthan G, Sundvall J, Pietinen P, Puska P. Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972–1997. Int J Epidemiol 2000;29(1):49-58.
Walker ARP, Arvidsson UB. Fat intake, serum cholesterol concentration, and atherosclerosis in the South African Bantu. Part I. Low fat intake and the age trend of serum cholesterol concentration in the South African Bantu. J Clin Invest 1985;33(10):1385-97.
Shimamoto T, Komachi Y, Inada H, Doi M, Iso H, Sato S, Kitamura A, Iida M, Konishi M, Nakanishi N. Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors inJapan. Circulation 1989;79(3):503-11.
Delavari A, Alikhani S, Alaedini F. A national profile of non-communicable disease risk factors in the IR of Iran. Ministry of Health, Deputy to Health Directory. Tehran;2005.
Farzadfar F, Finucane MM, Danaei G, Pelizzari PM, Cowan MJ, Paciorek CJ, Singh GM, Lin JK, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Ezzati M; Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Cholesterol). National, regional, and global trends in serum total cholesterol since 1980: systematicanalysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 321 country-years and 3·0 million participants. The Lancet 2011;377(9765): 578–86.
Tunstall-Pedoe H. Preventing Chronic Diseases. A Vital Investment: WHO Global Report. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35(4):1107.
Mohammad K, Sadat Hashemi SM, Farahani FK. Age at natural menopause in Iran. Maturitas 2004;49(4):321-6.
Carroll MD, Lacher DA, Sorlie PD, Cleeman JI, Gordon DJ, Wolz M, Grundy SM, Johnson CL. Trends in serum lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960-2002. JAMA2005;294(14):1773-90.
Arnett DK, Jacobs Jr DR, Luepker RV, Blackburn H, Armstrong C, Claas SA. Twenty-year trends in serum cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia, and cholesterolmedication use: the Minnesota Heart Survey, 1980-1982 to 2000-2002. Circulation 2005;112(25):3884-98.
Vartiainen E, Puska P, Jousilahti P, Korhonen HJ, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Twenty-year trends in coronary risk factors in north Karelia and in other areas of Finland. Int J Epidemiol 1994;23(3):495-504.
Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J, Puska P. Twentyyear dynamics of serum cholesterol levels in the middleaged population of eastern Finland. Ann Intern Med 1996;125(9):713-20.
Adachi H, Hirai Y, Sasaki S, Enomoto M, Fukami A, Kumagai E, Esaki E, Imaizumi T. Trends in Dietary Intakes and Serum Cholesterol Levels over 50 Years in Tanushimaru in Japanese Men. Food Nutr (Roma) 2011;2:476-81.
Gupta R, Guptha S, Agrawal A, Kaul V, Gaur K, Gupta VP. Secular trends in cholesterol lipoproteins and triglycerides and prevalence of dyslipidemias in an urban Indian population. Lipids Health Dis 2008;7(1):40-8.
Bozorgmanesh M, Hadaegh F, Padyab M, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F. Temporal changes in anthropometric parameters and lipid profile according to body mass index among an adult Iranian urban population. Ann Nutr Metab 2008;53(1):13-22..
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 51, No 9 (2013) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| National Survey Total Cholesterol Trend | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
