Congenital Hypothyroidism in Yazd: Is It Really Prevalent?
-
Narjes Hazar
,
Ali Zare
,
Majid Jafarizadeh Malamiri
,
Mohammad Reza Sadeghian Tafti
,
Mahtab Ordooei
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most frequent type of endocrine disorders which presents at birth. It plays a major role in developing the most common preventable type of mental retardation around the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate CH incidence and its predictive factors among newborns in Yazd province. This cohort study was conducted in 38 health centers of 10 cities in Yazd province which is located in the center of Iran, from March 2008 to February 2015. All neonates, as the audiences of this program, were evaluated using heel prick or Guthrie test according to the national protocol of CH screening. During 7 years of screening for CH from March 2008 to February 2015, 143190 neonates were screened. Among them, 434 neonates were diagnosed as affected cases by CH, and the 7-year incidence of this disease was 303/ 100,000 live births. First, cousin consanguinity, hospitalization, male sex and low birth weight had a significant relationship with congenital hypothyroidism. Logistic regression analysis revealed that aforementioned variables in addition to delivery type (cesarean section) were significant predictor of CH. CH is more prevalent in Yazd compared to the other provinces in Iran. It is recommended that the effects of probable risk factors are evaluated through additional longitudinal studies and effective preventive strategies are designed according to the results.
Brown RS. Congenital Hypothyroidism. In: De Groot LJ, BeckPeccoz P, Chrousos G, eds. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc, 2000.
Rastogi MV, LaFranchi SH. Congenital hypothyroidism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010;5:17.
Dussault JH. The anecdotal history of screening for congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4332-4.
Yarahmadi S, Tabibi S, Alimohammadzadeh K, Ainy E, Gooya M, Mojarrad M, et al. Cost–Benefit and Effectiveness of Newborn Screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism: Findings from a National Program in Iran. Int J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;2010:1-6.
Azizi F, Oladi B, Nafarabadi M, Hajipoor R. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Tehran. Effect of iodine deficiency on transient elevation of neonatal TSH. J Shaheed Beheshti School Med 1994;18:34-8.
Veisani Y, Sayehmiri K, Rezaeian S, Delpisheh A. Congenital hypothyroidism screening program in iran; a systematic review and metaanalysis. Iran J Pediatr 2014;24:665-72.
AliMohammadzadeh K, Yarahmadi S, Tabibi S, Nasiripour A. Rate of saving health in program of screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Iran. Sci Res Essays 2011;6:1873-6.
Shi X-T, Cai J, Wang Y-Y, Tu W-J, Wang W-P, Gong L-M, et al. Newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism in mainland china: 30 years of experience. JIMD Rep 2012;6:79-83.
Kusdal Y, Yesiltepe-Mutlu G, Özsu E, Cizmecioglu FM, Hatun S. Congenital hypothyroidism screening program in Turkey: a local evaluation. Turk J Pediatr 2012;54:590-5.
Dorreh F, Chaijan PY, Javaheri J, Zeinalzadeh AH. Epidemiology of congenital hypothyroidism in MarkaziProvince, Iran. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014;6:105-10.
Waller DK, Anderson JL, Lorey F, Cunningham GC. Risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism: an investigation of infant's birth weight, ethnicity, and gender in California, 1990–1998. Teratology 2000;62:36-41.
Harris KB, Pass KA. Increase in congenital hypothyroidism in New York State and in the United States. Horm Res 2007;91:268-77.
Corbetta C, Weber G, Cortinovis F, Calebiro D, Passoni A, Vigone MC, et al. A 7‐year experience with low blood TSH cutoff levels for neonatal screening reveals an unsuspected frequency of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Clinical endocrinology. 2009;71(5):739-45.
Hashemipour M, Amini M, Iranpour R, Sadri GH, Javaheri N, Haghighi S, et al. Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Isfahan, Iran: results of a survey on 20,000 neonates. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2004;62:79-83.
Zeinalzadeh AH, Talebi M. Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in East Azerbaijan, Iran: the first report. J Med Screen 2012;19:123-6.
Karamizadeh Z, Dalili S, Sanei-far H, Karamifard H, Mohammadi H, Amirhakimi G. Does congenital hypothyroidism have different etiologies in iran? Iran J Pediatr 2011;21:188-92.
Ford G, LaFranchi SH. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism: a worldwide view of strategies. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;28:175-87.
Skordis N, Toumba M, Savva SC, Erakleous E, Topouzi M, Vogazianos M, et al. High prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in the Greek Cypriot population: results of the neonatal screening program 1990-2000. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinol Metab 2005;18:453-62.
Bekhit OE, Yousef RM. Permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism in Fayoum, Egypt: A descriptive retrospective study. PloS One 2013;8:e68048.
Azizi F, Sheikholeslam R, Hedayati M, Mirmiran P, Malekafzali H, Kimiagar M, et al. Sustainable control of iodine deficiency in Iran: beneficial results of the implementation of the mandatory law on salt iodization. J Endocrinol Invest 2002;25:409-13.
Kliegman RM, Stanton BMD, Geme JSt, Schor NF, eds. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 20 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016.
Hashemipour M, Amini M, Talaie M, Kelishadi R, Hovespian S, Iranpour R, et al. Parental consanguinity among parents of neonates with congenital hypothyroidism in Isfahan. East Mediterr Health J 2007;13:567-74.
Bijarnia S, Wilcken B, Wiley VC. Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in very-low-birth-weight babies: the need for a second test. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011;34:827-33.
Dalili S, Rezvany SM, Medghalchi A, Mohammadi H, Dalili H, Mirzanejad M, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism: a review of the risk factors. Acta Med Iran 2012;50:735-9.
Kugelman A, Riskin A, Bader D, Koren I. Pitfalls in screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism in premature newborns. Am J Perinatol 2009;26:383-5.
Cavarzere P, Camilot M, Popa FI, Lauriola S, Teofoli F, Gaudino R, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism with delayed TSH elevation in low-birth-weight infants: incidence, diagnosis and management. Eur J Endocrinol 2016;175:395-402.
Hinton CF, Harris KB, Borgfeld L, Drummond-Borg M, Eaton R, Lorey F, et al. Trends in incidence rates of congenital hypothyroidism related to select demographic factors: data from the United States, California, Massachusetts, New York, and Texas. Pediatrics 2010;125:S37-47.
Medda E, Olivieri A, Stazi MA, Grandolfo ME, Fazzini C, Baserga M, et al. Risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism: results of a population case-control study (1997-2003). Eur J Endocrinol 2005;153:765-73.
Oertelt-Prigione S, Regitz-Zagrosek V, eds. Sex and gender aspects in clinical medicine. Springer, 2012.
Armanian AM, Hashemipour M, Esnaashari A, Kelishadi R, Farajzadegan Z. Influence of perinatal factors on thyroid stimulating hormone level in cord blood. Adv Biomed Res 2013;2:48.
Kim EY, Park SK, Song CH, Lim SC. Perinatal factors affecting thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels in cord blood. Korean J Pediatr 2005;48:143-7.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 56, No 4 (2018) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Congenital hypothyroidism Incidence Risk factors | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
