Mental Health and Social Function Among Women Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study
-
Leila Amini
,
Maryam Heidary
,
Hamidreza Daneshparvar
,
Homa Sadeghi Avval Shahr
,
Abbas Mehran
,
Bahare Afshar
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem in all societies that affects all aspects of the victim’s health, especially mental health. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health among Iranian women who referred to the Forensic Medicine Center in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was done on 196 married women who referred to the south center of Forensic Medicine in Tehran. Data were collected in 2013 by using three questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, CTS-2, and GHQ-28. Data analyzed by using SPSS-14 software. The age of participants was 29.9±6.3 years (range 18-57 years). Most women were housekeepers (73%) with moderate economic status (48.5%). Physical violence had the highest mean score (37.29±16.80); and after that, highest mean scores are related to Psychological violence 29.37±7.01, verbal violence 14.83±8.15, Physical violence leading to injury 14.47±6.85, and sexual violence 8.38±7.36, respectively. Verbal violence didn’t show any relation with all subscales of mental health. The somatic and anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated to total, and all violence subscales score (P<0.001). Also, social function was correlated to total violence score (P=0.032), Sexual (P=0.002), and psychological violence (P=0.025). Depression symptoms were correlated to total violence score (P<0.001), physical leading to damage violence (P<0.001), Sexual violence (P<0.001), Psychological violence (P=0.002), and physical violence (P<0.001). Our results showed IPV is related to the mental health of battered women, but verbal violence didn’t show any statistical relationship with somatic, anxiety, and depression symptoms and social function.
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25. Stickley A, Carlson P: Factors associated with non-lethal violent victimization in Sweden in 2004–2007. Scand J Public Health. 2010; 38:404–410.
26. Winnersjö R, Ponce de Leon A, Soares JF, Macassa G: Violence and selfreported health: does individual socioeconomic position matter? J Inj Violence Res. 2012, 4:87-95.
27. Eberhard-Gran M, Schei B, Eskild A. Somatic Symptoms and Diseases are more Common in Women Exposed to Violence. J Gen Intern Med. 2007; 22(12): 1668–73.
28. Dillon G, Hussain R, Loxton D, Rahman S. Mental and Physical Health and Intimate Partner Violence against Women: A Review of the Literature. International Journal of Family Medicine.2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/313909
29. Taylor1 S, Xia Y, Do KA. Attitude towards intimate partner violence in two Asian cultures. International Journal of Asian Social Science. 2017; 7(2): 182-91.
30. Do K N, Weiss B, Pollack A. Cultural Beliefs, Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Functioning among Vietnamese Women. Int Perspect Psychol. 2013; 2(3). doi:10.1037/ipp0000004.
31. Tiwari A, Wong J, Brownridge DA, Chan KL, Fong DYT, Leung WC, Ho PC. Psychological Intimate Partner Abuse among Chinese Women: What we know and what we still need to know. The Open Social Science Journal. 2009; 2:32–6. 10.2174/1874945300902010032
32. Quintana, SM. Parental and Cultural Influences on Hispanic College Women's Verbal Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: An Examination of Within-Group Differences. FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2014; 1453. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1453
2. Adineh HA, Almasi Z, Rad ME, Zareban I, Moghaddam AA (2016) Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women in Iran: A Systematic Review. Epidemiology (Sunnyvale) 6:276. doi:10.4172/2161-1165.1000276
3. M A. Violence against women in Ghana: A look at women's perceptions and review of policy and social responses. Social Science & Medicine 2004; 59:2373-85.
4. Kaur R, Garg S. Addressing Domestic Violence against Women: An Unfinished Agenda. Indian J Community Med. 2008; 33(2): 73-6. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.40871
5. Campbell JC. Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet. 2002;359:1331–6.
6. Avdibegović E, Sinanović O. Consequences of Domestic Violence on Women's Mental Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croat Med J. 2006; 47(5): 730-41.
7. Tolman RM, Rosen D. Domestic violence in the lives of women receiving welfare: mental health, substance dependence and economic well-being. Violence against Women. 2001;2:141–58.
8. Dillon G, Hussain R, Loxton D, Rahman S. Mental and Physical Health and Intimate Partner Violence against Women: A Review of the Literature. International Journal of Family Medicine. 2013; 2013. 313909.
9. Kuehner C. Gender differences in unipolar depression: an update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003, 108(3):163–174.
10. Ferrari G, Agnew-Davies R, Bailey J, Howard L, Howarth E, Peters TJ, et al. Domestic violence and mental health: a cross-sectional survey of women seeking help from domestic violence support services Glob Health Action. 2014; 7: 25519 Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.25519.
11. Karakurt G, Smith, D, Whiting J. Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Women’s Mental Health. J Fam Violence. 2014; 29(7): 693–702. doi: 10.1007/s10896-014-9633-2
12. Amini L, Heidary M, Daneshparvar H. Personality Traits and their Impacts on the Mental Health of Battered Women. JMRH. 2015; 3(2): 349-54.
13. Fowler D. The extent of substance use problems among women partner abuse survivors residing in a domestic violence shelter. Family and Community Health. 2007;30:S106–S108.
14. Behboodi Moghadam Z , etal. Domestic violence in infertile women, it analyzes factors and prevention strategies . For getting the degree of PhD. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2010. [persian].
15. Goldberg D, Hillier V. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine. 1979; 9(1): 139-45.
16. Behjati Ardekani, Z. Akhondi, M. Kamali, K. Fazlikhalaf, Z. Eskandari, S. Ghorbani, B. Mental Health Status of Patients Attending Avicenna Infertility Clinic. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility. 2010; 11(4): 319-24 [persian].
17. Ebrahimi ,A. Molavi, H. Moosavi, G. Bornamanesh, A. Yaghobi, M. Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28) in Iranian Psychiatric Patients Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2007; 5(1): 5-12 [persian].
18. Martín-Baena D, Montero-Piñar I, Escribà-Agüir V, Vives-Cases C. Violence against young women attending primary care services in Spain: prevalence and health consequences.Family Practice. 2015; 32(4): 381–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmv017
19. Jewkes RK, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Shai N. Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. The Lancet. 2010; 376( 9734):41–8.
20. Kusunoki Y, Barber J.S, Gatny H.H, Melendez R. Physical Intimate Partner Violence and Contraceptive Behaviors among Young Women. Journal of Women's Health. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2016.6246.
21. Setayesh N, ezoji K, bakhshizade M, Nojomi M. Domestic violence and physical and mental state of women. RJMS. 2017; 24 (154) :20-6.
22. Shakerinezhad M. Domestic Violence and Related Factors in Pregnant Women. zumsj. 2013; 21 (89) :117-26.
23. Sprague S, Madden K, Simunovic N, Godin K, Pham NK, Bhandari M, Goslings JC. Barriers to Screening for Intimate Partner Violence. Women & Health. 2012; 52(6):587-605. DOI:10.1080/03630242.2012.690840Garnweidner-Holme LM, Lukasse M, Solheim M, Henriksen L. Talking about intimate partner violence in multi-cultural antenatal care: a qualitative study of pregnant women’s advice for better communication in South-East Norway. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2017; 17:123. DOI 10.1186/s12884-017-1308-6
24. Vives-Cases C, Ruiz-Cantero MT, Escribà-Agüir V, Miralles JJ: The effect of intimate partner violence and other forms of violence against women on health. J Public Health 2011, 33:15–21.
25. Stickley A, Carlson P: Factors associated with non-lethal violent victimization in Sweden in 2004–2007. Scand J Public Health. 2010; 38:404–410.
26. Winnersjö R, Ponce de Leon A, Soares JF, Macassa G: Violence and selfreported health: does individual socioeconomic position matter? J Inj Violence Res. 2012, 4:87-95.
27. Eberhard-Gran M, Schei B, Eskild A. Somatic Symptoms and Diseases are more Common in Women Exposed to Violence. J Gen Intern Med. 2007; 22(12): 1668–73.
28. Dillon G, Hussain R, Loxton D, Rahman S. Mental and Physical Health and Intimate Partner Violence against Women: A Review of the Literature. International Journal of Family Medicine.2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/313909
29. Taylor1 S, Xia Y, Do KA. Attitude towards intimate partner violence in two Asian cultures. International Journal of Asian Social Science. 2017; 7(2): 182-91.
30. Do K N, Weiss B, Pollack A. Cultural Beliefs, Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Functioning among Vietnamese Women. Int Perspect Psychol. 2013; 2(3). doi:10.1037/ipp0000004.
31. Tiwari A, Wong J, Brownridge DA, Chan KL, Fong DYT, Leung WC, Ho PC. Psychological Intimate Partner Abuse among Chinese Women: What we know and what we still need to know. The Open Social Science Journal. 2009; 2:32–6. 10.2174/1874945300902010032
32. Quintana, SM. Parental and Cultural Influences on Hispanic College Women's Verbal Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: An Examination of Within-Group Differences. FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2014; 1453. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1453
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 57, No 9 (2019) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v57i9.2638 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Domestic violence Mental health Intimate partner violence Anxiety Depression | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Amini L, Heidary M, Daneshparvar H, Sadeghi Avval Shahr H, Mehran A, Afshar B. Mental Health and Social Function Among Women Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study. Acta Med Iran. 2020;57(9):544-548.
