Vitamin D3 Deficiency in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
-
Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh Abbasi
,
Mohammad Javad Zahedi
,
Sodaif Darvish Moghadam
,
Fereshteh Arab Ghahestani
,
Fatemeh Karami Robati
Abstract
Regarding the importance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the high prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency in different societies. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of Vit D3 deficiency in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this cross-sectional study, 122 individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were selected by a simple sampling method. After collecting demographic data, serum Vit 25(OH) D3 level was measured by the ELFA method. Blood lipids level (TG, cholesterol, HDL, LDL), FBS, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin, albumin, and PT were measured by the enzymatic method. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical methods and SPSS software version 16 were used. The study cases are comprised of 122 individuals (57.4% male). The average age of cases was 42.4±11.7 years, and the mean of serum Vit D3 level was 19.8±22 ng/dl (3-220 ng/dl). Regarding the serum 25(OH) D3 levels data showed 66.4% of cases were Vit D3 deficient (Vit D3 level< 20 ng/dl), 18% had insufficient level (Vit D3 level=20-30 ng/dl), and the remained 15.6% had sufficient level (Vit D3 level> 30 ng/dl). HDL level was higher in individuals with 25(OH) D3 sufficiency compared to those with 25(OH) D3 insufficiency and Vit D3 deficiency (P=0.019). There was no significant relationship between serum Vit D3 level and other investigated variables. The results of this study indicated that most individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease had Vit D3 deficiency. Further studies are suggested.
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2. Amarapurkar D, Kamani P, Patel N, Gupte P, Kumar P, Agal S, et al. prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: population based study. Ann Hepatol 2007;6:161-3.
3. Karnikowski M, Córdova C, Oliveira RJ, Karnikowski MG, Nóbrega Ode T. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults. Sao Paulo Med J 2007;125:333-7.
4. Das K, Das K, Mukherjee PS, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Mridha AR, et al. Nonobese population in a developing country has a high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver and significant liver disease. Hepatology 2010;51:1593-602.
5. Li H, Wang YJ, Tan K, Zeng L, Liu L, Liu FJ, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of fatty liver disease in Chengdu, Southwest China. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009;8:377-82.
6. Bajaj S, Nigam P, Luthra A, Pandey RM, Kondal D, Bhatt SP, et al. A case-control study on insulin resistance, metabolic co-variates& prediction score in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Indian J Med Res 2009; 129:285-92.
7. Dassanayake AS, Kasturiratne A, Rajindrajith S, Kalubowila U, Chakrawarthi S, De Silva AP, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in an urban Sri Lankan population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:1284-8.
8. Mohan V, Farooq S, Deepa M, Ravikumar R, Pitchumoni CS. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in urban south Indians in relation to different grades of glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;84:84-91.
9. Zhou YJ, Li YY, Nie YQ, Ma JX, Lu LG, Shi SL, et al. prevalence of fatty liver disease and its risk factors in the
population of South China. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13: 6419-424.
10. Chen CH, Huang MH, Yang JC, Nien CK, Yang CC, Yeh YH, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an adult population of taiwan: metabolic significance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40:745-52.
11. Zelber-Sagi S, Nitzan-Kaluski D, Halpern Z, Oren R. Prevalence of primary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a population-based study and its association with biochemical and anthropometric measures. Liver Int 2006;26: 856-63.
12. Park SH, Jeon WK, Kim SH, Kim JH, Park DI, Cho YK, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean adults. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21:138-43.
13. Jimba S, Nakagami T, Takahashi M, Wakamatsu T, Hirota Y, Iwamoto Y, et al. prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with impaired glucose metabolism in Japanese adults. Diabet Med 2005;22:1141-5.
14. Fan JG, Zhu J, Li XJ, Chen L, Li L, Dai F, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for fatty liver in a general population of Shanghai, China. J Hepatol 2005;43:508-14.
15. Singh SP, Nayak S, Swain M, Rout N, Mallik RN, Agrawal O, et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India: a preliminary ultrasonographic survey. Trop Gastroenterol 2004;25:76-9.
16. Omagari K, Kadokawa Y, Masuda JI, Egawa I, Sawa T, Hazama H, et al. Fatty liver in non-alcoholic non-overweight Japanese adults: incidence and clinical characteristics. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;17:1098-105.
17. Loomba R, Sanyal AJ. The global NAFLD epidemic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10:686-90.
18. El-Kader SM, El-Den Ashmawy EM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The diagnosis and management. World J Hepatol 2015;7:846-58.
19. Targher G, Bertolini L, Scala L, Cigolini M, Zenari L, Falezza G, et al. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 concentrations and liver histology in patientswith non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007;17:517-24.
20. Lee SM, Jun DW, Cho YK, Jang KS. Vitamin D deficiency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The chicken or the egg? Clin Nutr 2017;36:191-97.
21. Barchetta I, Angelico F, Del Ben M, Baroni MG, Pozzilli P, Morini S, et al. Strong association between non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low 25 (OH) Vit D levels in an adult population with normal serum liver enzymes. BMC Med 2011;9:85.
22. Katz K, Brar PC, Parekh N, Liu Y-H, Weitzman M. Suspected non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease is not associated with vitamin D status in adolescents after adjustment for obesity. J Obes 2011;2010:496829.
23. Junn E, Han SH, Im JY, Yang Y, Cho EW, Um HD, et al. Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 mediates oxidative stress via suppressing the thioredoxin function. The J Immunol 2000;164:6287-295.
24. Urrutia-Pereira M, Solé D. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and its impact on the fetus, the newborn and in childhood. Rev Paul Pediatr 2015;33:104-13.
25. Chapuy M-C, Preziosi P, Maamer M, Arnaud S, Galan P, Hercberg S, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiencyin an adult normal population. Osteoporos Int 1997;7:439-43.
26. Malabanan A, Veronikis IE, Holick MF. Redefining vitamin D insufficiency. Lancet 1998;351:805-6.
27. Heaney RP. Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1706-9.
28. Scatarige JC, Scott WW, Donovan PJ, Siegelman SS, Sanders RC. Fatty infiltration of the liver: ultrasonographic and computed tomographic correlation. J Ultrasound Med 1984;3:9-14.
29. Cordeiro A, Pereira S, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A. Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Vitamin D Nutritional Status in Extreme Obesity. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2017:9456897.
30. Jablonski KL, Jovanovich A, Holmen J, Targher G, McFann K, Kendrick J, et al. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is independently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:792-98.
31. Eliades M, Spyrou E, Agrawal N, Lazo M, Brancati FL, Potter JJ, et al. Meta‐analysis: vitamin D and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;38:246-54.
32. Kayaniyil S, Vieth R, Harris SB, Retnakaran R, Knight JA, Gerstein HC, et al. Association of 25 (OH) D and PTH with metabolic syndrome and its traditional and nontraditional components. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:168-75.
33. Cabral MA, Borges CN, Maia JM, Aires CA, Bandeira F. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during the summer and its relationship with sun exposure and skin phototype in elderly men living in the tropics. Clin Interv Aging 2013;8:1347-51.
34. Vernon G, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:274-85.
2. Amarapurkar D, Kamani P, Patel N, Gupte P, Kumar P, Agal S, et al. prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: population based study. Ann Hepatol 2007;6:161-3.
3. Karnikowski M, Córdova C, Oliveira RJ, Karnikowski MG, Nóbrega Ode T. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults. Sao Paulo Med J 2007;125:333-7.
4. Das K, Das K, Mukherjee PS, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Mridha AR, et al. Nonobese population in a developing country has a high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver and significant liver disease. Hepatology 2010;51:1593-602.
5. Li H, Wang YJ, Tan K, Zeng L, Liu L, Liu FJ, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of fatty liver disease in Chengdu, Southwest China. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009;8:377-82.
6. Bajaj S, Nigam P, Luthra A, Pandey RM, Kondal D, Bhatt SP, et al. A case-control study on insulin resistance, metabolic co-variates& prediction score in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Indian J Med Res 2009; 129:285-92.
7. Dassanayake AS, Kasturiratne A, Rajindrajith S, Kalubowila U, Chakrawarthi S, De Silva AP, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in an urban Sri Lankan population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:1284-8.
8. Mohan V, Farooq S, Deepa M, Ravikumar R, Pitchumoni CS. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in urban south Indians in relation to different grades of glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;84:84-91.
9. Zhou YJ, Li YY, Nie YQ, Ma JX, Lu LG, Shi SL, et al. prevalence of fatty liver disease and its risk factors in the
population of South China. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13: 6419-424.
10. Chen CH, Huang MH, Yang JC, Nien CK, Yang CC, Yeh YH, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an adult population of taiwan: metabolic significance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40:745-52.
11. Zelber-Sagi S, Nitzan-Kaluski D, Halpern Z, Oren R. Prevalence of primary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a population-based study and its association with biochemical and anthropometric measures. Liver Int 2006;26: 856-63.
12. Park SH, Jeon WK, Kim SH, Kim JH, Park DI, Cho YK, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean adults. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21:138-43.
13. Jimba S, Nakagami T, Takahashi M, Wakamatsu T, Hirota Y, Iwamoto Y, et al. prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with impaired glucose metabolism in Japanese adults. Diabet Med 2005;22:1141-5.
14. Fan JG, Zhu J, Li XJ, Chen L, Li L, Dai F, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for fatty liver in a general population of Shanghai, China. J Hepatol 2005;43:508-14.
15. Singh SP, Nayak S, Swain M, Rout N, Mallik RN, Agrawal O, et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India: a preliminary ultrasonographic survey. Trop Gastroenterol 2004;25:76-9.
16. Omagari K, Kadokawa Y, Masuda JI, Egawa I, Sawa T, Hazama H, et al. Fatty liver in non-alcoholic non-overweight Japanese adults: incidence and clinical characteristics. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;17:1098-105.
17. Loomba R, Sanyal AJ. The global NAFLD epidemic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10:686-90.
18. El-Kader SM, El-Den Ashmawy EM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The diagnosis and management. World J Hepatol 2015;7:846-58.
19. Targher G, Bertolini L, Scala L, Cigolini M, Zenari L, Falezza G, et al. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 concentrations and liver histology in patientswith non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007;17:517-24.
20. Lee SM, Jun DW, Cho YK, Jang KS. Vitamin D deficiency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The chicken or the egg? Clin Nutr 2017;36:191-97.
21. Barchetta I, Angelico F, Del Ben M, Baroni MG, Pozzilli P, Morini S, et al. Strong association between non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low 25 (OH) Vit D levels in an adult population with normal serum liver enzymes. BMC Med 2011;9:85.
22. Katz K, Brar PC, Parekh N, Liu Y-H, Weitzman M. Suspected non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease is not associated with vitamin D status in adolescents after adjustment for obesity. J Obes 2011;2010:496829.
23. Junn E, Han SH, Im JY, Yang Y, Cho EW, Um HD, et al. Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 mediates oxidative stress via suppressing the thioredoxin function. The J Immunol 2000;164:6287-295.
24. Urrutia-Pereira M, Solé D. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and its impact on the fetus, the newborn and in childhood. Rev Paul Pediatr 2015;33:104-13.
25. Chapuy M-C, Preziosi P, Maamer M, Arnaud S, Galan P, Hercberg S, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiencyin an adult normal population. Osteoporos Int 1997;7:439-43.
26. Malabanan A, Veronikis IE, Holick MF. Redefining vitamin D insufficiency. Lancet 1998;351:805-6.
27. Heaney RP. Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1706-9.
28. Scatarige JC, Scott WW, Donovan PJ, Siegelman SS, Sanders RC. Fatty infiltration of the liver: ultrasonographic and computed tomographic correlation. J Ultrasound Med 1984;3:9-14.
29. Cordeiro A, Pereira S, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A. Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Vitamin D Nutritional Status in Extreme Obesity. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2017:9456897.
30. Jablonski KL, Jovanovich A, Holmen J, Targher G, McFann K, Kendrick J, et al. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is independently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:792-98.
31. Eliades M, Spyrou E, Agrawal N, Lazo M, Brancati FL, Potter JJ, et al. Meta‐analysis: vitamin D and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;38:246-54.
32. Kayaniyil S, Vieth R, Harris SB, Retnakaran R, Knight JA, Gerstein HC, et al. Association of 25 (OH) D and PTH with metabolic syndrome and its traditional and nontraditional components. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:168-75.
33. Cabral MA, Borges CN, Maia JM, Aires CA, Bandeira F. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during the summer and its relationship with sun exposure and skin phototype in elderly men living in the tropics. Clin Interv Aging 2013;8:1347-51.
34. Vernon G, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:274-85.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 57, No 12 (2019) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v57i12.3467 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Vitamin D3 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Liver function tests Lipid profile | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hayatbakhsh Abbasi MM, Zahedi MJ, Darvish Moghadam S, Arab Ghahestani F, Karami Robati F. Vitamin D3 Deficiency in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Acta Med Iran. 2020;57(12):709-713.
