Effect of Vitamin D on Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents With Vitamin D Deficiency
,
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major health issues in developed and developing countries, which has been increasing in recent decades. Obesity is one of the important risk factors for type 2 diabetes by developing insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance in overweight and obese children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency. In this interventional study, 53 overweight and obese children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency referred to the Endocrinology Clinic of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences were included. The height and weight of participants were measured, and their Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated. To participants, 50,000 units of vitamin D were administered weekly for 8 weeks, and then 1000 units were orally administered daily for 3 months. Before and after the intervention, levels of vitamin D, insulin, and fasting blood sugar were measured. The HOMA-IR was also calculated as an indicator of insulin resistance. After the intervention, serum vitamin D significantly increased, and BMI and fasting blood sugar significantly decreased (P<0.05). The insulin resistance index did not change significantly during the intervention (P>0.05). After the intervention, HOMA-IR had a significant direct correlation with body mass index, insulin, and fasting blood sugar and a significant inverse correlation with vitamin D (P<0.05). Vitamin D had a significant inverse correlation with BMI, insulin, and fasting blood sugar after the intervention (P<0.05). Oral treatment with vitamin D significantly increased serum vitamin D levels and significantly decreased BMI and fasting blood sugar in obese and overweight children.
2. Geissler C, Powers H. Human nutrition. London: Oxford University Press; 2017.
3. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2011-2014. NCHS Data Brief 2015;219:1-8.
4. Bray G, Kim K, Wilding J, Federation WO. Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev 2017;18:715-23.
5. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007;357:266-81.
6. van Schoor N, Lips P. Worldwide vitamin D status. Vitamin D. 4th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2018: 15-40.
7. Huh SY, Gordon CM. Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents: epidemiology, impact and treatment. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2008;9:161-70.
8. Saki F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Omrani GR, Bakhshayeshkaram M. Vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors in children and adolescents in southern Iran. Public health nut 2017;20:1851-6.
9. Torun E, Gönüllü E, Özgen İT, Cindemir E, Öktem F. Vitamin d deficiency and insufficiency in obese children and adolescents and its relationship with insulin resistance. Int J Endocrinol. 2013 Mar 27;1-5.
10. Saintonge S, Bang H, Gerber LM. Implications of a new definition of vitamin D deficiency in a multiracial us adolescent population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Pediatrics 2009;123:797-803.
11. Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diabetes, and ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes care 2004;27:2813-8.
12. Nimitphong H, Chanprasertyothin S, Jongjaroenprasert W, Ongphiphadhanakul B. The association between vitamin D status and circulating adiponectin independent
of adiposity in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance. Endocrine 2009;36:205-10.
13. Leal MA, Aller P, Mas A, Calle C. The effect of 1, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 on insulin binding, insulin receptor mRNA levels, and isotype RNA pattern in U-937 human promonocytic cells. Exp cell res 1995;217:189-94.
14. Sertznig P, Seifert M, Tilgen W, Reichrath J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathways in melanoma cells: promising new therapeutic targets? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010;121:383-6.
15. Baziar N, DJafarian K, Shadman Z, Qorbani M, Khoshniat Nikoo M, Razi F. Effect of vitamin d supplementation on improving vitamin d levels and insulin resistance in vitamin D insufficient or defficient type2 diabetics. Iranian J Diabetes Metab 2014;13:425- 33.
16. Talaei A, Mohammadi K, Adgi Z. The evaluation of the effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance in type II diabetic patients. Arak J Med Uni 2011;2:5-9.
17. Belenchia AM, Tosh AK, Hillman LS, Peterson CA. Correcting vitamin D insufficiency improves insulin sensitivity in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:774-81.
18. Baynes K, Boucher B, Feskens E, Kromhout D. Vitamin D, glucose tolerance and insulinaemia in elderly men. Diabetologia 1997;40:344-7.
19. Kelly A, Brooks LJ, Dougherty S, Carlow DC, Zemel BS. A cross-sectional study of vitamin D and insulin resistance in children. Arch dis child 2011;96:447-52.
20. Alemzadeh R, Kichler J, Babar G, Calhoun M. Hypovitaminosis D in obese children and adolescents: relationship with adiposity, insulin sensitivity, ethnicity, and season. Metabolism 2008;57:183-91.
21. Draznin B, Sussman K, Eckel R, Kao M, Yost T, Sherman N. Possible role of cytosolic free calcium concentrations in mediating insulin resistance of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. J clin invest 1988;82:1848-52.
22. Reis JP, Von Mühlen D, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone levels, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older adults. Diabetes care 2007;30:1549-55.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 58, No 2 (2020) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v58i2.3711 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Obesity Insulin resistance Body mass index Vitamin D | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
