The Effect of Sleep Quality on Mental Health Among Clinical and Non-Clinical Staffs
-
Hadis Najafimehr
,
Hamid Soori
,
Narges Naghavi
,
Reyhaneh Sadat Jafarian Bahri
,
Mohammad Taghi Yasami
Abstract
Sleep quality plays an important role in people's mental health. Until now, the comparison of factors affecting mental health among clinical and non-clinical workers has received less attention. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and mental health and factors affecting mental health in a large working population. The present study was derived from the first phase of a cohort study of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences staff in 2019. Participants included 2921 employees. Demographic variables and job characteristics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were used for data collection. For finding factors affecting mental health, logistic regression was used. Clinical workers had lower mental health (P<0.001) and lower sleep quality (P=0.04) than others. The relationship between mental health and sleep quality was significant (P<0.001). The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 35.6% and for undesirable mental health was 27.8%. Marital status had a significant relationship with mental health (P=0.02). The chance of undesirable mental health decreased with age (OR: 0.98 (0.97, 0.99)). Women had twice undesirable mental health than men (OR: 1.99 (1.62, 2.50)). The odds of undesirable mental health in staff with poor sleep quality were about five times higher than others (OR: 4.80 (3.99, 5.76)). Sleep quality may be considered as a factor affecting mental health. Due to the importance of the issue, planning for the improvement of clinical workers' sleep quality seems to be necessary by health policymakers.
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12. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28:193-213.
13. Moghaddam JF, Nakhaee N, Sheibani V, Garrusi B, Amirkafi A. Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-P). Sleep Breath 2012;16:79-82.
14. Baglioni C, Spiegelhalder K, Lombardo C, Riemann D. Sleep and emotions: a focus on insomnia. Sleep Med Rev 2010;14:227-38.
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17. Baglioni C, Nanovska S, Regen W, Spiegelhalder K, Feige B, Nissen C, et al. Sleep and mental disorders: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic research. Psychol Bull 2016;142:969-90.
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22. Sahraian A, Davidi F, Bazrafshan A, Javadpour A. Occupational stress among hospital nurses: Comparison of internal, surgical, and psychiatric wards. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2013;1:182-90.
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25. Sepehrmanesh Z, Mousavi G, Saberi H, Saei R. Sleep quality and related factors among the nurses of the Hospital of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Int Arch Health Sci 2017;4:17-21.
26. Organization WH. Depression: Let’s Talk Says WHO, as Depression Tops Lists of Causes of Ill Health, 2017.
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28. Sánchez ML, Aparicio MG, Dresch V. Anxiety, self-esteem and self-perceived satisfaction as predictors of health: differences between men and women. Psicothema 2006;18:584-90.
29. Poissonnet CM, Iwatsubo Y, Cosquer M, Salva MAQ, Caillard JF, Veron M. Across-sectional study of the health effects of work schedules on 3212 hospital workers in france: implications for the new french work schedules policy. J human ergol 2001;30:387-91.
30. Ebrahimi S, Kargar Z. Occupational stress among medical residents in educational hospitals. Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:51.
31. Thomas ML, Kaufmann CN, Palmer BW, Depp CA, Martin AS, Glorioso DK, et al. Paradoxical trend for improvement in mental health with aging: a community-based study of 1,546 adults aged 21–100 years. J Clin Psychiatry 2016;77:e1019-25.
32. Stone AA, Schwartz JE, Broderick JE, Deaton A. A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:9985-90.
33. Sánchez López MP, Saavedra San Roman AI, Dresch V, Garcia-Quintans L, Rodrigo-Holgado I. Women are more at risk of poor mental health: mental health of spanish nursesmeasured by the GHQ-12. Women's Health Bull 2016;3:1-5.
34. Navidian A, Masoudi G, Mousavi S. Work-Related Stress And The General Health of Nursing Stafes in Zahedan’s Hospitals Emergency Wards (2004). J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci (Behbood) 2005;9:17-26.
35. Horwitz AV, White HR, Howell-White S. Becoming married and mental health: A longitudinal study of a cohort of young adults. J Marriage Fam 1996:895-907.
2. Zare N, Parvareh M, Nouri B, Namdari M. Mental health status of Iranian university students using the GHQ-28: a meta-analysis. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci 2016;21:1-16.
3. Regier D, Kuhl E, Narrow W, Kupfer D. Research planning for the future of psychiatric diagnosis. Eur Psychiatry 2012;27:553-6.
4. Rasch B, Born J. About sleep's role in memory. Physiol Rev 2013;93:681-766.
5. Pereira D, Gerhardt C, Kottwitz MU, Elfering A. Occupational sleep medicine: Role of social stressors. In: Deepak G, Ravi G, eds. Sleep and psychosomatic medicine. USA: CRC Press, 2016:57-84.
6. Pow J, King DB, Stephenson E, DeLongis A. Does social support buffer the effects of occupational stress on sleep quality among paramedics? A daily diary study. J Occup Health Psychol 2017;22:71-85.
7. Schiller H, Lekander M, Rajaleid K, Hellgren C, Åkerstedt T, Barck-Holst P, et al. The impact of reduced worktime on sleep and perceived stress–a group randomized intervention study using diary data. Scand J Work Environ Health 2017:109-16.
8. Robbins R, Jean-Louis G. Sleep at Work: The Economic and Societal Argument for Workplace-Based Health Promotion Tailored to Shift Workers. USA: SAGE Publications, 2018.
9. Soori H, Alipour A, Akbari M, Argani H, Asadpour Piranfar M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H. A review on Health Cohort Study of Employees in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU Cohort). Pejouhandeh 2017;21:346-55.
10. Sterling M. General health questionnaire–28 (GHQ-28). J Physiother 2011;57:259.
11. Nazifi M, Mokarami H, Akbaritabar A, FarajiKujerdi M, Tabrizi R, Rahi A. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the persian translation of general health questionnire (ghq-28) in hospitals of kerman university of medical sciences. J Fasa Univ Med Sci 2014;3:336-42.
12. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28:193-213.
13. Moghaddam JF, Nakhaee N, Sheibani V, Garrusi B, Amirkafi A. Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-P). Sleep Breath 2012;16:79-82.
14. Baglioni C, Spiegelhalder K, Lombardo C, Riemann D. Sleep and emotions: a focus on insomnia. Sleep Med Rev 2010;14:227-38.
15. Buysse DJ, Angst J, Gamma A, Ajdacic V, Eich D, Rössler W. Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults. Sleep 2008;31:473-80.
16. Meerlo P, Sgoifo A, Suchecki D. Restricted and disrupted sleep: effects on autonomic function, neuroendocrine stress systems and stress responsivity. Sleep Med Rev 2008;12:197-210.
17. Baglioni C, Nanovska S, Regen W, Spiegelhalder K, Feige B, Nissen C, et al. Sleep and mental disorders: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic research. Psychol Bull 2016;142:969-90.
18. Baglioni C, Battagliese G, Feige B, Spiegelhalder K, Nissen C, Voderholzer U, et al. Insomnia as a predictor of depression: a meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies. J Affect Disord 2011;135:10-9.
19. Soehner AM, Kaplan KA, Harvey AG. Insomnia comorbid to severe psychiatric illness. Sleep Med Clin 2013;8:361-71.
20. Sahebi L, Ayatollahi M. Mental health status of hospitals staffs in Shiraz. Horizon Med Sci 2007;12:26-33.
21. Rahmani F, Behshid M, Zamanzadeh V, Rahmani F. Relationship between general health, occupational stress and burnout in critical care nurses of Tabriz teaching hospitals. Iran J Nurs 2010;23:54-63.
22. Sahraian A, Davidi F, Bazrafshan A, Javadpour A. Occupational stress among hospital nurses: Comparison of internal, surgical, and psychiatric wards. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2013;1:182-90.
23. Ertel KA, Berkman LF, Buxton OM. Socioeconomic status, occupational characteristics, and sleep duration in African/Caribbean immigrants and US White health care workers. Sleep 2011;34:509-18.
24. Hafner M, Stepanek M, Taylor J, Troxel WM, Van Stolk C. Why sleep matters—the economic costs of insufficient sleep: a cross-country comparative analysis. Rand Health Q 2017;6:11.
25. Sepehrmanesh Z, Mousavi G, Saberi H, Saei R. Sleep quality and related factors among the nurses of the Hospital of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Int Arch Health Sci 2017;4:17-21.
26. Organization WH. Depression: Let’s Talk Says WHO, as Depression Tops Lists of Causes of Ill Health, 2017.
27. Loretto W, Platt S, Popham F. Workplace change and employee mental health: results from a longitudinal study. Br J Anaesth Manag 2010;21:526-40.
28. Sánchez ML, Aparicio MG, Dresch V. Anxiety, self-esteem and self-perceived satisfaction as predictors of health: differences between men and women. Psicothema 2006;18:584-90.
29. Poissonnet CM, Iwatsubo Y, Cosquer M, Salva MAQ, Caillard JF, Veron M. Across-sectional study of the health effects of work schedules on 3212 hospital workers in france: implications for the new french work schedules policy. J human ergol 2001;30:387-91.
30. Ebrahimi S, Kargar Z. Occupational stress among medical residents in educational hospitals. Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:51.
31. Thomas ML, Kaufmann CN, Palmer BW, Depp CA, Martin AS, Glorioso DK, et al. Paradoxical trend for improvement in mental health with aging: a community-based study of 1,546 adults aged 21–100 years. J Clin Psychiatry 2016;77:e1019-25.
32. Stone AA, Schwartz JE, Broderick JE, Deaton A. A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:9985-90.
33. Sánchez López MP, Saavedra San Roman AI, Dresch V, Garcia-Quintans L, Rodrigo-Holgado I. Women are more at risk of poor mental health: mental health of spanish nursesmeasured by the GHQ-12. Women's Health Bull 2016;3:1-5.
34. Navidian A, Masoudi G, Mousavi S. Work-Related Stress And The General Health of Nursing Stafes in Zahedan’s Hospitals Emergency Wards (2004). J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci (Behbood) 2005;9:17-26.
35. Horwitz AV, White HR, Howell-White S. Becoming married and mental health: A longitudinal study of a cohort of young adults. J Marriage Fam 1996:895-907.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 59, No 1 (2021) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v59i1.5399 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Employee Job Mental health Sleep | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Najafimehr H, Soori H, Naghavi N, Jafarian Bahri RS, Yasami MT. The Effect of Sleep Quality on Mental Health Among Clinical and Non-Clinical Staffs. Acta Med Iran. 2021;59(1):21-27.
