Emergency Evacuation of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) During Disasters: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
The evacuation of hospitals has special complications and sensitivities in terms of the presence of patients. Since infants are the youngest and most vulnerable patients in the hospital, the readiness of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to respond appropriately and evacuate at the time of disasters is very important. This article examines the emergency evacuation of neonatal intensive care units during disasters. The present systematic review was done based on the PRISMA guidelines for systematic review studies. Accordingly, all English-language articles published in this field were extracted by the end of January 2020, through searching Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, as well as Google Scholar Web Search. The search and screen of the articles were conducted independently by the research team members, and the content of included articles was analyzed thematically. After the final evaluation, 11 articles were subjected to content analysis, which was divided into seven thematic categories: command, training and maneuver, manpower, communication, equipment, transportation, support. Considering that infants are the most vulnerable preparing the staff of the (NICU) along with providing them with specialized and technical support is suggested. By preparing and implementing response and preparedness plans, it is possible to prevent high complications and mortality among infants admitted to the hospital pre-disasters.
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2. Ardalan A, Khankeh HR, Mehrabi Tavana A, Nejati A, Masoumi G, Hajebi A, et al. Health in Emergencies and disasters. Iran, Tehran: Mehr Matin, 2015.
3. Schultz R, Pouletsos C, Combs A. Considerations for emergencies & disasters in the neonatal intensive care unit. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2008;33:204-10.
4. National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. He Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (Accessed 2017, at https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/.)
5. Derakhshan M, Dadkhah Haghighi SM, Amjadi S, Eskandari MA. Explain the emergency evacuation plan of the hospital. Sixth International Conference on Comprehensive Crisis Management, 2013.
6. Khankeh HR, Masoumi G. National Guide to Hospital Risk Management Based on Accreditation Indicators. Iran, Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 2016.
7. Smith VC, Dukhovny D, Zupancic JA, Gates HB, Pursley DM. Neonatal intensive care unit discharge preparedness: primary care implications. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2012;51:454-61.
8. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Evacuation Guidelines: Illinois Department of Public Health and Loyola University Medical Center. (Accessed February 2, 2012, at http:// www.luhs.org/depts/emsc/nicu_evac_guidelines.pdf.)
9. Daugherty EL, Rubinson L. Preparing your intensive care unit to respond in crisis: considerations for critical care clinicians. Crit Care Med 2011;39:2534-9.
10. Monteiro S, Shannon M, Sandora TJ, Chung S. Pediatric Aspects of Hospital Preparedness. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med 2009;10:216-28.
11. Barfield WD, Krug SE, COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN; DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ADVISORY COUNCIL. Disaster preparedness in neonatal intensive care units. Pediatrics. 2017;139:e20170507.
12. Cohen R, Murphy B, Ahern T, Hackel A. Regional disaster planning for neonatology. J Perinatol 2010;30:709-11.
13. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000100.
14. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Public Health Resource Unit. (Accessed 2006, at http://www.casp-uk.net/.)
15. STROBE. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, 2014 (Accessed 2014, at https://www.strobe-statement.org/.)
16. Farra S, Hodgson E, Miller ET, Timm N, Brady W, Gneuhs M, et al. Effects of Virtual Reality Simulation on Worker Emergency Evacuation of Neonates. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019;13:301-8.
17. Femino M, Young S, Smith VC. Hospital-based emergency preparedness: evacuation of the neonatal intensive care unit-the smallest and most vulnerable population. Pediatr Emerg Care 2013;29:107-13.
18. Gray MM, Thomas AA, Burns B, Umoren RA. Identifying Crucial Equipment and Skills Needed to Evacuate Critically Ill Infants During Disasters: Using Nursing Expertise to Guide Training Targets. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019;34:370-5.
19. Espiritu M, Patil U, Cruz H, Gupta A, Matterson H, Kim Y, et al. evacuation of a neonatal intensive care unit in a disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Sandy. Pediatrics 2014;134:e1662-e9.
20. Phillips P, Niedergesaess Y, Powers R, Brandt R. Disaster preparedness: emergency planning in the NICU. Neonatal Netw 2012;31:5-15.
21. Fuzak JK, Elkon BD, Hampers LC, Polage KJ, Milton JD, Powers LK, et al. Mass Transfer of Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital Inpatients to a New Location in Under 12 Hours: Lessons Learned and Implications for Disaster Preparedness. J Pediatr 2010;157:138-43.e2.
22. Orlando S, Bernard ML, Mathews P. Neonatal nursing care issues following a natural disaster: lessons learned from the Katrina experience. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2008;22:147-53.
23. Carbine D, Cohen R, Hopper A, Murphy B, Phillips P, Powers R. Neonatal Disaster Preparedness Toolkit. California Association of Neonatologists (CAN), 2014.
24. Iwata O, Kawase A, Iwai M, Wada K. Evacuation of a Tertiary Neonatal Centre: Lessons from the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes. Neonatology 2017;112:92-6.
25. Wax RS. Preparing the intensive care unit for disaster. Crit Care Clin 2019;35:551-62.
26. Bernard M, Mathews PR. Evacuation of a maternal-newborn area during Hurricane Katrina. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2008;33:213-23.
27. Downey EL, Andress K, Schultz CH. External factors impacting hospital evacuations caused by Hurricane Rita: the role of situational awareness. Prehosp Disaster Med 2013;28:264-71.
28. Iwata O, Oki T, Ishiki A, Shimanuki M, Fuchimukai T, Chosa T, et al. Infection surveillance after a natural disaster: lessons learnt from the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. Bull World Health Organ 2013;91:784-9.
29. Gershanik JJ. Escaping with VLBW neonates: caring for and transporting very low birth weight infants during a disaster. Pediatrics 2006;117:S365-8.
30. Barkemeyer BM. Practicing neonatology in a blackout: the University Hospital NICU in the midst of Hurricane Katrina: caring for children without power or water. Pediatrics 2006;117:S369-74.
31. Chertoff M. National Incident Management System: U.S. Department of homeland security. (Accessed December, 2008 at https://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/NIMS_core.pdf.)
32. Ginsberg HG. Sweating it out in a level III regional NICU: disaster preparation and lessons learned at the Ochsner Foundation Hospital. Pediatrics 2006;117:S375-80.
33. Gooding JS, Cooper LG, Blaine AI, Franck LS, Howse JL, Berns SD. Family support and family-centered care in the neonatal intensive care unit: origins, advances, impact. Semin Perinatol 2011;35:20-8.
34. Jonsdottir SS. Escaping With VLBW Neonates: Caring for and Transporting Very Low Birth Weight Infants During a Disaster. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2008;33:260.
2. Ardalan A, Khankeh HR, Mehrabi Tavana A, Nejati A, Masoumi G, Hajebi A, et al. Health in Emergencies and disasters. Iran, Tehran: Mehr Matin, 2015.
3. Schultz R, Pouletsos C, Combs A. Considerations for emergencies & disasters in the neonatal intensive care unit. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2008;33:204-10.
4. National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. He Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (Accessed 2017, at https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/.)
5. Derakhshan M, Dadkhah Haghighi SM, Amjadi S, Eskandari MA. Explain the emergency evacuation plan of the hospital. Sixth International Conference on Comprehensive Crisis Management, 2013.
6. Khankeh HR, Masoumi G. National Guide to Hospital Risk Management Based on Accreditation Indicators. Iran, Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 2016.
7. Smith VC, Dukhovny D, Zupancic JA, Gates HB, Pursley DM. Neonatal intensive care unit discharge preparedness: primary care implications. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2012;51:454-61.
8. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Evacuation Guidelines: Illinois Department of Public Health and Loyola University Medical Center. (Accessed February 2, 2012, at http:// www.luhs.org/depts/emsc/nicu_evac_guidelines.pdf.)
9. Daugherty EL, Rubinson L. Preparing your intensive care unit to respond in crisis: considerations for critical care clinicians. Crit Care Med 2011;39:2534-9.
10. Monteiro S, Shannon M, Sandora TJ, Chung S. Pediatric Aspects of Hospital Preparedness. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med 2009;10:216-28.
11. Barfield WD, Krug SE, COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN; DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ADVISORY COUNCIL. Disaster preparedness in neonatal intensive care units. Pediatrics. 2017;139:e20170507.
12. Cohen R, Murphy B, Ahern T, Hackel A. Regional disaster planning for neonatology. J Perinatol 2010;30:709-11.
13. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000100.
14. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Public Health Resource Unit. (Accessed 2006, at http://www.casp-uk.net/.)
15. STROBE. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, 2014 (Accessed 2014, at https://www.strobe-statement.org/.)
16. Farra S, Hodgson E, Miller ET, Timm N, Brady W, Gneuhs M, et al. Effects of Virtual Reality Simulation on Worker Emergency Evacuation of Neonates. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019;13:301-8.
17. Femino M, Young S, Smith VC. Hospital-based emergency preparedness: evacuation of the neonatal intensive care unit-the smallest and most vulnerable population. Pediatr Emerg Care 2013;29:107-13.
18. Gray MM, Thomas AA, Burns B, Umoren RA. Identifying Crucial Equipment and Skills Needed to Evacuate Critically Ill Infants During Disasters: Using Nursing Expertise to Guide Training Targets. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019;34:370-5.
19. Espiritu M, Patil U, Cruz H, Gupta A, Matterson H, Kim Y, et al. evacuation of a neonatal intensive care unit in a disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Sandy. Pediatrics 2014;134:e1662-e9.
20. Phillips P, Niedergesaess Y, Powers R, Brandt R. Disaster preparedness: emergency planning in the NICU. Neonatal Netw 2012;31:5-15.
21. Fuzak JK, Elkon BD, Hampers LC, Polage KJ, Milton JD, Powers LK, et al. Mass Transfer of Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital Inpatients to a New Location in Under 12 Hours: Lessons Learned and Implications for Disaster Preparedness. J Pediatr 2010;157:138-43.e2.
22. Orlando S, Bernard ML, Mathews P. Neonatal nursing care issues following a natural disaster: lessons learned from the Katrina experience. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2008;22:147-53.
23. Carbine D, Cohen R, Hopper A, Murphy B, Phillips P, Powers R. Neonatal Disaster Preparedness Toolkit. California Association of Neonatologists (CAN), 2014.
24. Iwata O, Kawase A, Iwai M, Wada K. Evacuation of a Tertiary Neonatal Centre: Lessons from the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes. Neonatology 2017;112:92-6.
25. Wax RS. Preparing the intensive care unit for disaster. Crit Care Clin 2019;35:551-62.
26. Bernard M, Mathews PR. Evacuation of a maternal-newborn area during Hurricane Katrina. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2008;33:213-23.
27. Downey EL, Andress K, Schultz CH. External factors impacting hospital evacuations caused by Hurricane Rita: the role of situational awareness. Prehosp Disaster Med 2013;28:264-71.
28. Iwata O, Oki T, Ishiki A, Shimanuki M, Fuchimukai T, Chosa T, et al. Infection surveillance after a natural disaster: lessons learnt from the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. Bull World Health Organ 2013;91:784-9.
29. Gershanik JJ. Escaping with VLBW neonates: caring for and transporting very low birth weight infants during a disaster. Pediatrics 2006;117:S365-8.
30. Barkemeyer BM. Practicing neonatology in a blackout: the University Hospital NICU in the midst of Hurricane Katrina: caring for children without power or water. Pediatrics 2006;117:S369-74.
31. Chertoff M. National Incident Management System: U.S. Department of homeland security. (Accessed December, 2008 at https://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/NIMS_core.pdf.)
32. Ginsberg HG. Sweating it out in a level III regional NICU: disaster preparation and lessons learned at the Ochsner Foundation Hospital. Pediatrics 2006;117:S375-80.
33. Gooding JS, Cooper LG, Blaine AI, Franck LS, Howse JL, Berns SD. Family support and family-centered care in the neonatal intensive care unit: origins, advances, impact. Semin Perinatol 2011;35:20-8.
34. Jonsdottir SS. Escaping With VLBW Neonates: Caring for and Transporting Very Low Birth Weight Infants During a Disaster. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2008;33:260.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 59, No 7 (2021) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v59i7.7017 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Infant Emergency evacuation Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Disasters | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Mousavipour S-S, Sohrabizadeh S. Emergency Evacuation of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) During Disasters: A Systematic Literature Review. Acta Med Iran. 2021;59(7):386-392.
