The Assessment of Angiogenesis by Microvessel Density in Patients With Atrophic/Erosive or Reticular Oral Lichen Planus
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Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including oral lichen planus (OLP), is of great concern. The most representative method for the assessment of angiogenesis is the semi-quantification of microvessel density (MVD) using specific markers such as CD105. We aimed to assess the MVD in patients with OLP and find its clinical significance to differentiate the atrophic/erosive forms from reticular ones. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 patients with clinically and histopathologically proven cases of OLP, including reticular (n=52) or atrophic/erosive (n=30) lesions. The control group comprised 82 age- and sex-matched subjects without any oral disease. To assess the MVD using CD105, tissue blocks were sliced, and the immunoexpression of CD105 was measured by the standard immunohistochemical staining procedure. The mean value of MVD in OLP patients was significantly higher than that in the controls (14.61±12.48 vs. 8.67±1.76, P<0.0001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean MVD value between reticular and atrophic/erosive lesions (8.19±7.13 vs. 25.73±12.06, P=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the reticular lesions and normal tissues (P=0.58). An increased level of CD105 in OLP patients can improve our knowledge about the causes and mechanisms of the disease. The CD105-MVD assessment might be a useful method for semiquantitative measurement of angiogenesis in OLP patients as well as differentiating its clinical forms; therefore, it can open new vistas for formulating strategies based on antiangiogenic treatments for the management of OLP and other precancerous lesions.
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2. Ion DI, Setterfield JF. Oral Lichen Planus. Prim Dent J 2016;5:40-4.
3. Caruntu C, Mitran M, Mitran C, Sarbu I, Rusu LC, Matei C, et al. Markers of Oral Lichen Planus Malignant Transformation. Dis Markers 2018;2018:1-13.
4. Ghapanchi J, Andisheh‐Tadbir A, Torkaman P, Malekzadeh M, Mardani M. Evaluation of the serum levels of galectin‐3 in patients with oral lichen planus disease. Oral Dis 2019;25:466-70.
5. Munde AD, Karle RR, Wankhede PK, Shaikh SS, Kulkurni M. Demographic and clinical profile of oral lichen planus: A retrospective study. Contemp Clin Dent 2013;4:181-5.
6. Gupta S, Jawanda MK. Oral lichen planus: an update on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Indian J Dermatol 2015;60:222-9.
7. DeAngelis LM, Cirillo N, McCullough MJ. The immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus—Is there a role for mucosal associated invariant T cells? J Oral Pathol Med 2019;48:552-9.
8. Wang H, Zhang D, Han Q, Zhao X, Zeng X, Xu Y, et al. Role of distinct CD 4+ T helper subset in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2016;45:385-93.
9. Wang H, Jiang Y, Wang H, Luo Z, Wang Y, Guan X. IL-25 promotes Th2-type reactions and correlates with disease severity in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2019;98:115-21.
10. Mardani M, Ghabanchi J, Fattahi MJ, Tadbir AA. Serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with different clinical subtypes of oral lichen planus. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2012;37:233-7.
11. Davoudi P, Khajavi MA, Zare-Mahmoodabadi R, Saghafi S, Jahanian R, Davoudi M, et al. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Angiogenesis Markers (CD34 and VEGF) in Oral Lichen Planus Lesions with or Without Epithelial Dysplasia. J Biochem Technol 2019;2019:40-5.
12. Payeras MR, Lopes TG, Silva VD, Cherubini K, FM AZ, Salum FG. Angiogenesis in Oral Lichen Planus: A Comparative Study with Lesions of Different Degrees of Aggressiveness. Modern Res Dent 2019;3:344-50.
13. Scardina G-A, Ruggieri A, Messina P, Maresi E. Angiogenesis of oral lichen planus: a possible pathogenetic mechanism. Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal 2009;14:558-62.
14. Tao X, Huang Y, Li R, Qing R, Ma L, Rhodus NL, et al. Assessment of local angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor in the patients with atrophic-erosive and reticular oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103:661-9.
15. Scardina GA, Ruggieri A, Maresi E, Messina P. Angiogenesis in oral lichen planus: an in vivo and immunohistological evaluation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 2011;59:457-62.
16. Mittal N, Shankari GM, Palaskar S. Role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012;16:45-8.
17. Al-Drobie BF. Assessment of microvessels density and inflammatory status in oral lichen planus. J Baghdad Coll Dent 2013;25:43-7.
18. Fox SB, Harris AL. Histological quantitation of tumour angiogenesis. APMIS 2004;112:413-30.
19. Yao Y, Pan Y, Chen J, Sun X, Qiu Y, Ding Y. Endoglin (CD105) expression in angiogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinomas: analysis using tissue microarrays and comparisons with CD34 and VEGF. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2007;37:39-48.
20. Rubatt JM, Darcy KM, Hutson A, Bean SM, Havrilesky LJ, Grace LA, et al. Independent Prognostic Relevance of Microvessel Density in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Associations Between CD31, CD105, p53 Status, and Angiogenic Marker Expression: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Gynecol Oncol 2009;112:469-74.
21. Nagatsuka H, Hibi K, Gunduz M, Tsujigiwa H, Tamamura R, Sugahara T, et al. Various immunostaining patterns of CD31, CD34 and endoglin and their relationship with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2005;34:70-6.
22. Nikiteas NI, Tzanakis N, Theodoropoulos G, Atsaves V, Christoni Z, Karakitsos P, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and endoglin (CD-105) in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2007;10:12-7.
23. Szafarowski T, Sierdzinski J, Szczepanski MJ, Whiteside TL, Ludwig N, Krzeski A. Microvessel density in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018;275:1845-51.
24. Mafra RP, Serpa MS, Queiroz SIML, Lima RLdFX, Souza LBd, Pinto LP. Immunohistochemical expression of endoglin (CD105) and von Willebrand factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. J Vasc Bras 2016;15:21-6.
25. Fonsatti E, Sigalotti L, Arslan P, Altomonte M, Maio M. Emerging role of endoglin (CD105) as a marker of angiogenesis with clinical potential in human malignancies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2003;3:427-32.
26. Glick M. Burket's Oral Medicine. In: Jontell M, Holmstrup P, eds. Red and White Lesions of the Oral Mucosa. 12th ed. USA: PMPH-USA, 2015:104-12.
27. Khalili M, Eshghyar N, Asgari M. Evaluation of Angiogenesis in Oral Lichen Planus: An Immunohistochemical Study With CD34 and Endoglin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013;116:E493.
28. Eshghyar N, Asgari M, Rahrotaban S, Monshizadeh R. The immunohistochemical study of angiogenesis in normal oral mucosa and oral lichen planus by CD34 and DC105 markers. Res Den Sci 2016;13:36-42.
29. Hazzaa HH, El‐Wakeel NM, Attia EA, Abo Hager EA. ALK 1 expression in oral lichen planus: a possible relation to microvessel density. J Oral Pathol Med 2016;45:373-80.
30. Van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa; terminology, classification and present concepts of management. Oral Oncol 2009;45:317-23.
31. Schimming R, Marmé D. Endoglin (CD105) expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Head Neck 2002;24:151-6.
32. Zvrko E, Mikic A, Vuckovic L, Djukic V, Knezevic M. Prognostic relevance of CD105-assessed microvessel density in laryngeal carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009;141:478-83.
33. Marioni G, D'Alessandro E, Giacomelli L, Staffieri A. CD105 is a marker of tumour vasculature and a potential target for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2010;39:361-7.
34. Wang JJ, Sun XC, Hu L, Liu ZF, Yu HP, Li H, et al. Endoglin (CD105) expression on microvessel endothelial cells in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Tissue microarray analysis and association with prognostic significance. Head Neck 2013;35:1719-25.
2. Ion DI, Setterfield JF. Oral Lichen Planus. Prim Dent J 2016;5:40-4.
3. Caruntu C, Mitran M, Mitran C, Sarbu I, Rusu LC, Matei C, et al. Markers of Oral Lichen Planus Malignant Transformation. Dis Markers 2018;2018:1-13.
4. Ghapanchi J, Andisheh‐Tadbir A, Torkaman P, Malekzadeh M, Mardani M. Evaluation of the serum levels of galectin‐3 in patients with oral lichen planus disease. Oral Dis 2019;25:466-70.
5. Munde AD, Karle RR, Wankhede PK, Shaikh SS, Kulkurni M. Demographic and clinical profile of oral lichen planus: A retrospective study. Contemp Clin Dent 2013;4:181-5.
6. Gupta S, Jawanda MK. Oral lichen planus: an update on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Indian J Dermatol 2015;60:222-9.
7. DeAngelis LM, Cirillo N, McCullough MJ. The immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus—Is there a role for mucosal associated invariant T cells? J Oral Pathol Med 2019;48:552-9.
8. Wang H, Zhang D, Han Q, Zhao X, Zeng X, Xu Y, et al. Role of distinct CD 4+ T helper subset in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2016;45:385-93.
9. Wang H, Jiang Y, Wang H, Luo Z, Wang Y, Guan X. IL-25 promotes Th2-type reactions and correlates with disease severity in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2019;98:115-21.
10. Mardani M, Ghabanchi J, Fattahi MJ, Tadbir AA. Serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with different clinical subtypes of oral lichen planus. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2012;37:233-7.
11. Davoudi P, Khajavi MA, Zare-Mahmoodabadi R, Saghafi S, Jahanian R, Davoudi M, et al. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Angiogenesis Markers (CD34 and VEGF) in Oral Lichen Planus Lesions with or Without Epithelial Dysplasia. J Biochem Technol 2019;2019:40-5.
12. Payeras MR, Lopes TG, Silva VD, Cherubini K, FM AZ, Salum FG. Angiogenesis in Oral Lichen Planus: A Comparative Study with Lesions of Different Degrees of Aggressiveness. Modern Res Dent 2019;3:344-50.
13. Scardina G-A, Ruggieri A, Messina P, Maresi E. Angiogenesis of oral lichen planus: a possible pathogenetic mechanism. Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal 2009;14:558-62.
14. Tao X, Huang Y, Li R, Qing R, Ma L, Rhodus NL, et al. Assessment of local angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor in the patients with atrophic-erosive and reticular oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103:661-9.
15. Scardina GA, Ruggieri A, Maresi E, Messina P. Angiogenesis in oral lichen planus: an in vivo and immunohistological evaluation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 2011;59:457-62.
16. Mittal N, Shankari GM, Palaskar S. Role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012;16:45-8.
17. Al-Drobie BF. Assessment of microvessels density and inflammatory status in oral lichen planus. J Baghdad Coll Dent 2013;25:43-7.
18. Fox SB, Harris AL. Histological quantitation of tumour angiogenesis. APMIS 2004;112:413-30.
19. Yao Y, Pan Y, Chen J, Sun X, Qiu Y, Ding Y. Endoglin (CD105) expression in angiogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinomas: analysis using tissue microarrays and comparisons with CD34 and VEGF. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2007;37:39-48.
20. Rubatt JM, Darcy KM, Hutson A, Bean SM, Havrilesky LJ, Grace LA, et al. Independent Prognostic Relevance of Microvessel Density in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Associations Between CD31, CD105, p53 Status, and Angiogenic Marker Expression: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Gynecol Oncol 2009;112:469-74.
21. Nagatsuka H, Hibi K, Gunduz M, Tsujigiwa H, Tamamura R, Sugahara T, et al. Various immunostaining patterns of CD31, CD34 and endoglin and their relationship with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2005;34:70-6.
22. Nikiteas NI, Tzanakis N, Theodoropoulos G, Atsaves V, Christoni Z, Karakitsos P, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and endoglin (CD-105) in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2007;10:12-7.
23. Szafarowski T, Sierdzinski J, Szczepanski MJ, Whiteside TL, Ludwig N, Krzeski A. Microvessel density in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018;275:1845-51.
24. Mafra RP, Serpa MS, Queiroz SIML, Lima RLdFX, Souza LBd, Pinto LP. Immunohistochemical expression of endoglin (CD105) and von Willebrand factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. J Vasc Bras 2016;15:21-6.
25. Fonsatti E, Sigalotti L, Arslan P, Altomonte M, Maio M. Emerging role of endoglin (CD105) as a marker of angiogenesis with clinical potential in human malignancies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2003;3:427-32.
26. Glick M. Burket's Oral Medicine. In: Jontell M, Holmstrup P, eds. Red and White Lesions of the Oral Mucosa. 12th ed. USA: PMPH-USA, 2015:104-12.
27. Khalili M, Eshghyar N, Asgari M. Evaluation of Angiogenesis in Oral Lichen Planus: An Immunohistochemical Study With CD34 and Endoglin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013;116:E493.
28. Eshghyar N, Asgari M, Rahrotaban S, Monshizadeh R. The immunohistochemical study of angiogenesis in normal oral mucosa and oral lichen planus by CD34 and DC105 markers. Res Den Sci 2016;13:36-42.
29. Hazzaa HH, El‐Wakeel NM, Attia EA, Abo Hager EA. ALK 1 expression in oral lichen planus: a possible relation to microvessel density. J Oral Pathol Med 2016;45:373-80.
30. Van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa; terminology, classification and present concepts of management. Oral Oncol 2009;45:317-23.
31. Schimming R, Marmé D. Endoglin (CD105) expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Head Neck 2002;24:151-6.
32. Zvrko E, Mikic A, Vuckovic L, Djukic V, Knezevic M. Prognostic relevance of CD105-assessed microvessel density in laryngeal carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009;141:478-83.
33. Marioni G, D'Alessandro E, Giacomelli L, Staffieri A. CD105 is a marker of tumour vasculature and a potential target for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2010;39:361-7.
34. Wang JJ, Sun XC, Hu L, Liu ZF, Yu HP, Li H, et al. Endoglin (CD105) expression on microvessel endothelial cells in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Tissue microarray analysis and association with prognostic significance. Head Neck 2013;35:1719-25.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 59, No 2 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v59i2.5574 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Oral lichen planus Inflammatory disease Microvessel density (MVD) CD105 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mardani M, Andisheh-Tadbir A, Haghparast M. The Assessment of Angiogenesis by Microvessel Density in Patients With Atrophic/Erosive or Reticular Oral Lichen Planus. Acta Med Iran. 2021;59(2):86-90.
