Serum Galectin-3 in Women With Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia and Its Association With Preterm Birth
-
Dolina Gencheva
,
Fedya Nikolov
,
Ekaterina Uchikova
,
Rosen Mihaylov
,
Blagovesta Pencheva
,
Gita Yamakova-Vladova
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the leading causes of fetal and maternal mortality worldwide. Aside from the immediate risk they pose for the pregnant woman, there is significant evidence that women after such a pregnancy have a long-term risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, Galectin-3 is a biomarker that has proven its role in cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, and heart failure. To determine the levels of Galectin-3 in women with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and in healthy pregnant women and test for association with premature birth. A prospective single-center clinical, epidemiological study was performed, and data were analyzed for 123 pregnant women-36 with gestational hypertension, 37 with preeclampsia, and 50 controls. ELISA method was used to determine the serum levels of Galectin-3. Mean Galectin-3 level was 6,53 ng/ml in the controls, 7.30 ng/ml in the gestational hypertension group, and 7,59 ng/ml in the preeclampsia group. There was a significant difference in the levels between the controls and each of the pathological groups (P<0,05), while the two pathological groups were not statistically different from each other. Additionally, higher Galectin-3 levels were associated with an OR~2.5 for even preterm birth after adjustment for the presence of the two hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were associated with significantly higher levels of Galectin-3, which could be indicative of cardiovascular dysfunction in those women, and were also related to premature birth.
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4.Singh MM, Macgillivray I, Mahaffy RG. A study of the long-term effects of pre-eclampsia on blood pressue and renal function. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1974;81(11):903-906
5.White WM, Mielke MM, Araoz PA, Lahr BD, Bailey KR, Jayachandran M, et al. A history of preeclampsia is associated with a risk for coronary artery calcification 3 decades later. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr;214(4):519.e1-519.e8.
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13.Marín R, Gorostidi M, Portal CG, Sánchez M, Sánchez E, Alvarez J. Long-term prognosis of hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2000; 19:199–209.
14.Männistö T, Mendola P, Vääräsmäki M, Järvelin MR, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, et al. Elevated Blood Pressure in Pregnancy and Subsequent Chronic Disease Risk. Circulation,2013; 127(6), 681-690.
15.Kaaja RJ, Greer IA. Manifestations of chronic disease during pregnancy. JAMA. 2005; 294:2751–2757.
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17.Banerjee M, Cruickshank JK. Pregnancy as the prodrome to vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006; 3:596–603.
18.Dhingra R, Vasan RS. Biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: Statistical assessment and section on key novel heart failure biomarkers. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017;27(2):123‐133.
19.Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;69(3):89‐95.
20.Gehlken C, Suthahar N, Meijers WC, de Boer RA. Galectin-3 in Heart Failure: An Update of the Last 3 Years. Heart Fail Clin. 2018;14(1):75-92.
21.American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(5):1122-1131.
22.Hernández-Díaz S, Toh S, Cnattingius S. Risk of pre-eclampsia in first and subsequent pregnancies: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009;338: b2255.
23.Motedayen M, Rafiei M, Rezaei Tavirani M, Sayehmiri K, Dousti M. The relationship between body mass index and preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd). 2019;17(7):463‐472.
24.Tsai IH, Chen CP, Sun FJ, Wu CH, Yeh SL. Associations of the pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcomes in Taiwanese women. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(1):82–7.
25.de Boer RA, Voors AA, Muntendam P, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Galectin-3: a novel mediator of heart failure development and progression. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(9):811‐817.
26.Liu YH, D'Ambrosio M, Liao TD, Peng H, Rhaleb NE, Sharma U, et al. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline prevents cardiacremodeling and dysfunction induced by galectin-3, a mammalian adhesion/growth-regulatory lectin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;296:H404–H412.
27.Sharma UC, Pokharel S, van Brakel TJ, Van Berlo JH, Cleutjens JPM, Schroen, B, et al. Galectin-3 marks activated macrophages in failure-prone hypertrophied hearts and contributes to cardiac dysfunction. Circulation. 2004;110(19):3121‐3128.
28.Meijers WC, Januzzi JL, deFilippi C, Adourian AS, Shah SJ, Van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Elevated plasma galectin-3 is associated with near-term rehospitalization in heart failure: a pooled analysis of 3 clinical trials. Am Heart J. 2014 Jun;167(6):853-60. e4.
29.Mazurek JA, Horne BD, Saeed W, Sardar MR, Zolty R. Galectin-3 Levels Are Elevated and Predictive of Mortality in Pulmonary Hypertension. Heart Lung Circ. 2017 Nov;26(11):1208-1215.
30.Dong R, Zhang M, Hu Q, Zheng S, Soh A, Zheng Y, et al. Galectin-3 as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of essential hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Exp Clin Med 2016; 33:123-8.
31.Li P, Liu S, Lu M, Bandyopadhyay G, Oh D, Imamura T, et al. Hematopoietic-Derived Galectin-3 Causes Cellular and Systemic Insulin Resistance. Cell. 2016;167(4):973-984.e12
32.Menini S, Iacobini C, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Pesce CM, Pugliese G. Role of Galectin-3 in Obesity and Impaired Glucose Homeostasis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:9618092.
33.Sattar Taha A, Zahraei Z, Al-Hakeim HK. Serum apelin and galectin-3 in preeclampsia in Iraq [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 14]. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2020;1-8.
34.Jeschke U, Mayr D, Schiessl B, Mylonas I, Schulze S, Kuhn C, et al. Expression of Galectin-1, -3 (gal-1, gal-3) and the Thomsen–Friedenreich (TF) Antigen in Normal, IUGR, Preeclamptic and HELLP Placentas. 2007. Placenta, 28(11-12), 1165–1173.
35.Demmert M, Faust K, Bohlmann MK, Tröger B, Göpel W, Herting E, et al. Galectin-3 in cord blood of term and preterm infants. Clin Exp Immunol. 2012 Feb; 167(2): 246–251.
36.Miyauchi M, Ao M, Furusho H, Chea C, Nagasaki A, Sakamoto S, et al. Galectin-3 Plays an Important Role in Preterm Birth Caused by Dental Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):2867.
2.WHO. WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. 2011
3.Adams EM, Macgillivray I. Long-term effect of preeclampsia on blood-pressure. Lancet. 1961;2(7217): 1373-1375.
4.Singh MM, Macgillivray I, Mahaffy RG. A study of the long-term effects of pre-eclampsia on blood pressue and renal function. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1974;81(11):903-906
5.White WM, Mielke MM, Araoz PA, Lahr BD, Bailey KR, Jayachandran M, et al. A history of preeclampsia is associated with a risk for coronary artery calcification 3 decades later. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr;214(4):519.e1-519.e8.
6.Valdés G, Quezada F, Marchant E, von Schultzendorff A, Morán S, Padilla O, et al. Association of remote hypertension in pregnancy with coronary artery disease: a case-control study. Hypertension. 2009;53(4):733-738.
7.Wilson BJ, Watson MS, Prescott GJ, Sunderland, S, Campbell, DM, Hannaford, P, et al. Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study. BMJ. 2003;326(7394):845
8.Wu P, Haththotuwa R, Kwok CS, Babu A, Kotronias RA, Rushton C, Zaman A, et al. Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(2):e003497.
9.Weissgerber TL, Turner ST, Bailey KR, Mosley TH Jr, Kardia SL, Wiste HJ, et al. Hypertension in pregnancy is a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease decades after pregnancy. Atherosclerosis. 2013;229(1):212-216.
10.van Walraven C, Mamdani M, Cohn A, Katib Y, Walker M, Rodger MA. Risk of subsequent thromboembolism for patients with pre-eclampsia. BMJ. 2003; 326(7393):791-2.
11.Heida KY, Franx A, van Rijn BB, Eijkemans MJ, Boer JM, Verschuren MW, et al. Earlier Age of Onset of Chronic Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Hypertension. 2015;66(6):1116-1122.
12.Stuart JJ, Tanz LJ, Missmer SA, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, James-Todd TM, et al. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 177: S41–S41.
13.Marín R, Gorostidi M, Portal CG, Sánchez M, Sánchez E, Alvarez J. Long-term prognosis of hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2000; 19:199–209.
14.Männistö T, Mendola P, Vääräsmäki M, Järvelin MR, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, et al. Elevated Blood Pressure in Pregnancy and Subsequent Chronic Disease Risk. Circulation,2013; 127(6), 681-690.
15.Kaaja RJ, Greer IA. Manifestations of chronic disease during pregnancy. JAMA. 2005; 294:2751–2757.
16.Craici I, Wagner S, Garovic VD. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular risk: formal risk factor or failed stress test?. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;2(4):249-259.
17.Banerjee M, Cruickshank JK. Pregnancy as the prodrome to vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006; 3:596–603.
18.Dhingra R, Vasan RS. Biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: Statistical assessment and section on key novel heart failure biomarkers. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017;27(2):123‐133.
19.Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;69(3):89‐95.
20.Gehlken C, Suthahar N, Meijers WC, de Boer RA. Galectin-3 in Heart Failure: An Update of the Last 3 Years. Heart Fail Clin. 2018;14(1):75-92.
21.American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(5):1122-1131.
22.Hernández-Díaz S, Toh S, Cnattingius S. Risk of pre-eclampsia in first and subsequent pregnancies: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009;338: b2255.
23.Motedayen M, Rafiei M, Rezaei Tavirani M, Sayehmiri K, Dousti M. The relationship between body mass index and preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd). 2019;17(7):463‐472.
24.Tsai IH, Chen CP, Sun FJ, Wu CH, Yeh SL. Associations of the pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcomes in Taiwanese women. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(1):82–7.
25.de Boer RA, Voors AA, Muntendam P, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Galectin-3: a novel mediator of heart failure development and progression. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(9):811‐817.
26.Liu YH, D'Ambrosio M, Liao TD, Peng H, Rhaleb NE, Sharma U, et al. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline prevents cardiacremodeling and dysfunction induced by galectin-3, a mammalian adhesion/growth-regulatory lectin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;296:H404–H412.
27.Sharma UC, Pokharel S, van Brakel TJ, Van Berlo JH, Cleutjens JPM, Schroen, B, et al. Galectin-3 marks activated macrophages in failure-prone hypertrophied hearts and contributes to cardiac dysfunction. Circulation. 2004;110(19):3121‐3128.
28.Meijers WC, Januzzi JL, deFilippi C, Adourian AS, Shah SJ, Van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Elevated plasma galectin-3 is associated with near-term rehospitalization in heart failure: a pooled analysis of 3 clinical trials. Am Heart J. 2014 Jun;167(6):853-60. e4.
29.Mazurek JA, Horne BD, Saeed W, Sardar MR, Zolty R. Galectin-3 Levels Are Elevated and Predictive of Mortality in Pulmonary Hypertension. Heart Lung Circ. 2017 Nov;26(11):1208-1215.
30.Dong R, Zhang M, Hu Q, Zheng S, Soh A, Zheng Y, et al. Galectin-3 as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of essential hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Exp Clin Med 2016; 33:123-8.
31.Li P, Liu S, Lu M, Bandyopadhyay G, Oh D, Imamura T, et al. Hematopoietic-Derived Galectin-3 Causes Cellular and Systemic Insulin Resistance. Cell. 2016;167(4):973-984.e12
32.Menini S, Iacobini C, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Pesce CM, Pugliese G. Role of Galectin-3 in Obesity and Impaired Glucose Homeostasis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:9618092.
33.Sattar Taha A, Zahraei Z, Al-Hakeim HK. Serum apelin and galectin-3 in preeclampsia in Iraq [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 14]. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2020;1-8.
34.Jeschke U, Mayr D, Schiessl B, Mylonas I, Schulze S, Kuhn C, et al. Expression of Galectin-1, -3 (gal-1, gal-3) and the Thomsen–Friedenreich (TF) Antigen in Normal, IUGR, Preeclamptic and HELLP Placentas. 2007. Placenta, 28(11-12), 1165–1173.
35.Demmert M, Faust K, Bohlmann MK, Tröger B, Göpel W, Herting E, et al. Galectin-3 in cord blood of term and preterm infants. Clin Exp Immunol. 2012 Feb; 167(2): 246–251.
36.Miyauchi M, Ao M, Furusho H, Chea C, Nagasaki A, Sakamoto S, et al. Galectin-3 Plays an Important Role in Preterm Birth Caused by Dental Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):2867.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 59, No 9 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v59i9.7554 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Preeclampsia Gestational hypertension Cardiovascular disease Pregnancy Galectin-3 | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Gencheva D, Nikolov F, Uchikova E, Mihaylov R, Pencheva B, Yamakova-Vladova G. Serum Galectin-3 in Women With Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia and Its Association With Preterm Birth. Acta Med Iran. 2021;59(9):536-544.
