Is the ChAdOx1 Vaccine Safe and Immunogenic as Prophylactic Measure Against the Lethal Human-Coronaviruses? A Systematic Review
-
Andréia Michelle Alves Cunha de Alcântar
,
Ivan de Alcântara Barbosa Barros
,
Luiz Paulo de Souza Prazeres
,
Ivan Barbosa Barros
,
Maria De Mascena Diniz
,
Paulo Souza Roberto Eleutério de Souza
Abstract
Knowledge of other Coronaviruses has contributed to the development of a vaccine for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As soon as the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was released, intense global activity around different vaccine platform technologies started. Among these platforms, the viral vectored chimpanzee adenovirus Oxford1 (ChAdOx1)-previously studied for various indications, including for the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) vaccine, and currently is adapted for the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (novel Coronavirus-19). Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the potential of the ChAdOx1 platform for the development of a vaccine for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the Lethal Human-Coronaviruses (Lh-CoVs). For this purpose, a highly sensitive literary search was conducted through electronic databases that reached 1,445 related articles, of which, eight articles were elected according to previous eligibility criteria. The gathering of the articles demonstrated that the previous approaches, referring to the ChAdox1 platform, have contributed to the development of vaccines against Lh-CoVs and, that thus far, ChAdOx1 (nCoV-19 and MERS) vaccines are safe and immunogenic. However, it is important to emphasize that further studies are needed to ensure the effectiveness of vaccines in humans.
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19. Doremalen NV, Lambe T, Spencer A, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Purushotham JN, Julia R. Port JR, et al. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. Nature 2020b; 586: 578–582.
20. Graham SP, McLean RK, Spencer AJ, Rammerstorfer SB, Wright D, Ulaszewska M, et al. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:1.
21. Alharbi NK, Qasim I, Almasoud A, Aljami HA, Alenazi MW, Ali Alhafufi A, et al. Humoral Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Single Dose of ChAdOx1 MERS Vaccine Candidate in Dromedary Camels. Scientific Reports; 2019: 16292.
22. Alharbi NK, Padron-Regalado E, Thompson CP, Kupke A, Wells D, Sloan MA, et al. ChAdOx1 and MVA based vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV elicit neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses in mice. Vaccine 2017; 35:30-3780–3788.
23. Munster VJ, Wells D, Lambe T, Wright D, Fischer RJ, Bushmaker T, et al. Protective efficacy of a novel simian adenovirus vaccine against lethal MERS-CoV challenge in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:1.
24. U.S. Investigational ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine protects monkeys against COVID-19 pneumonia. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health (NIH), 2020. (Accessed, July 02, 2020, at https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-chadox1-ncov-19-vaccine-protects-monkeys-against-covid-19-pneumonia).
25. Petrosillo N, Viceconte G, Ergonul O, G.Ippolito G, & Petersen E. COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related? Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26: 6-729-734.
2. U.S. Human Coronavirus Types. Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Viral Diseases (Accessed, July 28, 2020, at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html).
3. Cui J, Li F, Shi Z. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:3-181-192.
4. Lanying Du, Yang Y, Yusen Z, Lu L, Fang L, & Shibo J. MERS-CoV spike protein: a key target for antivirals. HHS Public Access 2017: 21:2-131–143.
5. Arno RB, Amaal EA, Wim T, Jan‐Luuk H, Gerjan JN, Sanne JG, et al. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The Journal of Pathology 2020; 251:3-228-248.
6.Muller MA, Raj VS, Muth D, Meyer B, Kallies S, Smits SL, et al. Human coronavirus EMC does not require the SARS-coronavirus receptor and maintains broad replicative
capability in mammalian cell lines. mBio 2012; 3:6-00515.
7. Yuan H, Chan Y, Xin-feng X, Wei X & Shu-wen L. Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2020; 41:1141–1149.
8. U.S. What we know about COVID-19 vaccine development. Geneva, Switzerland: THE LATEST ON THE COVID-19 GLOBAL SITUATION & VACCINE DEVELOPMENT, 2020. (Accessed, October, 27, 2020, at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/risk-comms updates/update37-vaccine-development.pdf?sfvrsn=2581e994_6)
9. Ewer KJ, Lambe T, Rollier CS, Spencer AJ, Hill AVS & Dorrell L. Viral vectors as vaccine platforms: from immunogenicity to impact. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2016; 41:47–54.
10. Wit E, Doremalen NV, Falzarano D & Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol 2016; 14:523–534.
11. Folegatti PM, Katie J Ewer KJ, Aley PK, Brian Angus B, Becker S, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2020a; 396:10249 - 467-478.
12. Dicks MDJ, Alexandra J, Spencer AJ, Nick J. Edwards NJ, Wadell G, et al. A Novel Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector with Low Human Seroprevalence: Improved Systems for Vector Derivation and Comparative Immunogenicity 2012; PLoS ONE 7:7- 40385.
13. Folegatti PM , Bittaye M , Flaxman A, Lopez FR, Bellamy D, Kupke A, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus viral-vectored vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, uncontrolled, phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2020b; 20:7-816-826.
14. Hassan AO, Kafai NM, Dmitriev IP, Fremont DH, Curiel DT, Diamond MS, et al. A Single-Dose Intranasal ChAd Vaccine Protects Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts against SARS-CoV-2, Cell 2020; 183:1-169-184.e13.
15. Clinical Trials Registry. A Study of a Candidate COVID-19 Vaccine (COV001). England, UK: National Library of Medicine, 2020. (Accessed, March 27, 2020, at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04324606).
16. Clinical Trials Arena University of Oxford starts enrolment for Covid-19 vaccine trial, 2020. (Accessed March 30, 2020 at: https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/oxford-university-covid-19-vaccine-trial/ ).
17. BRASIL. PRISMA- transparente reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. 2015. (Accessed, May 5, 2020, at http://www.prisma-statement.org/).
18. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2019). CASP (Qualitative research insert name of checklist i.e. Systematic Review) Checklist. Accessed, july 6, 2020, https://casp-uk.net/wp content/uploads/2018/03/CASP-Qualitative-Checklist-2018_fillable_form.pdf).
19. Doremalen NV, Lambe T, Spencer A, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Purushotham JN, Julia R. Port JR, et al. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. Nature 2020b; 586: 578–582.
20. Graham SP, McLean RK, Spencer AJ, Rammerstorfer SB, Wright D, Ulaszewska M, et al. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:1.
21. Alharbi NK, Qasim I, Almasoud A, Aljami HA, Alenazi MW, Ali Alhafufi A, et al. Humoral Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Single Dose of ChAdOx1 MERS Vaccine Candidate in Dromedary Camels. Scientific Reports; 2019: 16292.
22. Alharbi NK, Padron-Regalado E, Thompson CP, Kupke A, Wells D, Sloan MA, et al. ChAdOx1 and MVA based vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV elicit neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses in mice. Vaccine 2017; 35:30-3780–3788.
23. Munster VJ, Wells D, Lambe T, Wright D, Fischer RJ, Bushmaker T, et al. Protective efficacy of a novel simian adenovirus vaccine against lethal MERS-CoV challenge in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:1.
24. U.S. Investigational ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine protects monkeys against COVID-19 pneumonia. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health (NIH), 2020. (Accessed, July 02, 2020, at https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-chadox1-ncov-19-vaccine-protects-monkeys-against-covid-19-pneumonia).
25. Petrosillo N, Viceconte G, Ergonul O, G.Ippolito G, & Petersen E. COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related? Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26: 6-729-734.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 61 No 4 (2023) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v61i4.13169 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Chimpanzee adenovirus oxford 1 (ChAdOx1) Vaccine Coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Alcântar A, Barros I, Prazeres L, Barros I, Diniz M, Souza P S. Is the ChAdOx1 Vaccine Safe and Immunogenic as Prophylactic Measure Against the Lethal Human-Coronaviruses? A Systematic Review. Acta Med Iran. 2023;61(4):195-203.
