The Relationship Between Critical Thinking Skills and Conflict Management Styles in Nursing and Midwifery Faculty Members, University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Medical universities need faculty members (FMs) who use high-level thinking and the power of reason to make decisions in conflicting situations. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between critical thinking skills and conflict management styles in the Medical University FMs (MUFMs). A descriptive cross-sectional study using the stratified sampling and then Quota sampling was performed. The sample size was 160 people. The Thomas and Kilman's Questionnaire for Conflict Management Style and Critical Thinking Questionnaire Form B were used. This study showed that the total score of faculty members' critical thinking was lower than the expected mean. The participants have more deductive thinking skills. Other skills are descending respectively, including inductive thinking skills, evaluation, inference, and analysis. In the Conflict Management styles, the Compromising style scored the highest. And other styles are used in descending respectively, including; conflict management styles avoidance, competition, and collaboration. This study showed that the Compromising Conflict Management Style was the highest among the FMs and, in contrast to the Collaborating conflict management style, scored the lowest. The deductive Critical thinking skill scored the highest; in contrast, the analysis critical thinking skill was the least scored. This study showed that by increasing the total score of critical thinking skills of participants, the using of avoidance and compromising conflict management style is more likely.
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9. Fridmans R. The impact of conflict management style on work conflict and stress. International Journal of conflict management. 2000;17:43-54.
10. Rambuyon R, Domondon C. Conflict Management Styles of Faculty. Psychology and Education Journal. 2021;58(4):1709-13.
11. yousefian A. Conflict Management Process and Conflict Management Strategies. Karojameh. 2015;185(1):82-72.
12. Sarhangi F, Masoumy M, Ebadi A, SEYYED MM, Rahmani A, Raisifar A. Effect of concept mapping teaching method on critical thinking skills of nursing students. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2011;3(4):143-8.
13. vakilbashi A. Critical thinking with Applied Approach. Selected Management Magazine. 2016;164(1):101.
14. Taheri N, Hojati H, Cheraghian B, Esmaieli T. Critical thinking in nursing students of Abadan nursing faculty. Dena J. 2008;3(3):1-7.
15. Quinn FM. The principles and practice of nurse education. Fourth ed. University of Greenwich, London, UK: Nelson Thornes publisher; 2000.
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17. Alfaro-LeFevre R. Critical thinking and clinical judgment: A practical approach to outcome-focused thinking: Saunders; 2009.
18. Duchscher JEB. Critical thinking: Perceptions of newly graduated female baccalaureate nurses. Journal of Nursing Education. 2003;42(1):14-27.
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21. Taghavi Larijani T, Mardani Hmouleh M, Rezaei N, Ghadiriyan F, Rashidi A. Relationship between assertiveness and critical thinking in nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education. 2014;3(1):32-40.
22. Ghaedi heidari F, Toghiann chaharsooghi N. Correlation between personality traits of critical thinking in nursing students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Development Strategies in Medical Education. 2014;1(1):11-7.
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26. Akhoundzadeh K, Ahmari Tehran H, Salehi S, Abedini Z. Critical thinking in nursing education in Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2011;11(3):210-21.
27. Momeni H, Salehi A, Sadeghi H. Comparing the Effect of Problem Based Learning and Concept Mapping on Critical Thinking Disposition of Nursing Student. Bimonthly of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences. 2017;10(4):234-44.
28. Asadi A, Taheri M, Salari A. The Survey of Educational Needs to Empower Faculties in GUMS. Research in Medical Education. 2016;8(2):37-48.
29. Rahnama A, Mirzamohamadi M, Bijvand F. Investigating the Relationship between Critical Thinking and Science Production Among faculty members of Shahed University. Training & Learning Researches. 2014;2(3):257-88.
30. Johansen ML. Keeping the peace: conflict management strategies for nurse managers. Nursing Management. 2012;43(2):50-4.
31. Tidd ST, Friedman RA. Conflict style and coping with role conflict: An extension of the uncertainty model of work stress. International Journal of Conflict Management. 2002;13(3):236-57.
32. Rahim MA. A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. Academy of Management journal. 1983;26(2):368-76.
33. Thomas KW. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode. TKI Profile and Interpretive Report. 2008:1-11.
34. Phillips CR, Chesnut RJ, Rospond RM. The California critical thinking instruments for benchmarking, program assessment, and directing curricular change. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2004;68(4):101.
35. Babamohammadi H, Khalili H. Critical thinking skills of nursing students in Semnan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2004;4(2):23-31.[In Persian].
36. Esmaeelkhani F, Ahadi H, Mazaheri M, Mehrabizadeh honarmand M, Askari P. Investigating the Simple and Multiple Relationships of Emotional Intelligence, Self-efficacy and Psychological Hardiness with Conflict Management Style in Students. New findings in psychology. 2009;4(11):107-23.
37. Facione NC, Facione PA. The" California Critical Thinking Skills Test" and the National League for Nursing Accreditation Requirement in Critical Thinking. National League for Nursing; 1994.
38. Khallli H, Zadeh MH. Investigation of reliability, validity and normality Persian version of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test; Form B (CCTST). Tehran: Shahid beheshti university of medical sciences; 2009.
39. Davoodi A, Naghsh Poor P. Determination of reliability, validity and norm of California critical thinking skills test, form B. Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences. 2003;5(5):84-90.
40. Khodamoradi K, Saeedzakerin M, Alavimajd H, Yagmaei F, Shahabi M. Translation and Psychometric Analysis "California Critical Thinking Skills Test Form B. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery. 2006;13(55):12-9.
41. Hasanpour M, Izadian Z, Izadian M, Gholami Motlagh F. Relationship between nurses' conflict management styles and critical thinking skills in the clinical setting. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2016;10(4):58-66.
42. Chan JC, Sit EN, Lau W. Conflict management styles, emotional intelligence and implicit theories of personality of nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Nurse education today. 2014;34(6):934-9.
43. Kantek F, Gezer N. Conflict in schools: Student nurses’ conflict management styles. Nurse education today. 2009;29(1):100-7.
44. Al-Hamdan Z, Norrie P, Anthony D. Conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan. Journal of Research in Nursing. 2014;19(1):40-53.
45. Özkalp E, Sungur Z, Ayşe Özdemir A. Conflict management styles of Turkish managers. Journal of European Industrial Training. 2009;33(5):419-38.
46. Knox DK. The California critical thinking skills test. Clemson Thinks2. 2013.
2. Dargahi H, Mousavi S, Araghieh Farahani S, Shaham G. Conflict Management and its related strategies. Payavard Salamat. 2008;2(1):63-72.
3. Baddar F, Salem OA, Villagracia HN. Conflict resolution strategies of nurses in a selected government tertiary hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2016;6(5):91.
4. dehghnnayeri N, Negarandeh R, Bahrani N, Sadoghi Asl A. Conflict Management among Clinical Nurses. Journal of hayat. 2010;16(2):55-63.
5. Hadizadeh F, Firoozi M, Shamaeyan Razavi N. Nursing and Midwifery Students Perspective on Clinical Education in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2005;5(1):70-8.
6. Salarvand S, Pournia Y. Perception of medical university members from nutritional health in the Quran. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2014;16(4).
7. Avizhgan M, Karam Alian H, Zandi B, Ashourioun V, Changiz T. Prioritization of educational needs of faculty members in medical school of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2011;10(5):735-47.[In Persian].
8. Kaitelidou D, Kontogianni A, Galanis P, Siskou O, Mallidou A, Pavlakis A, et al. Conflict management and job satisfaction in paediatric hospitals in Greece. Journal of nursing management. 2012;20(4):571-8.
9. Fridmans R. The impact of conflict management style on work conflict and stress. International Journal of conflict management. 2000;17:43-54.
10. Rambuyon R, Domondon C. Conflict Management Styles of Faculty. Psychology and Education Journal. 2021;58(4):1709-13.
11. yousefian A. Conflict Management Process and Conflict Management Strategies. Karojameh. 2015;185(1):82-72.
12. Sarhangi F, Masoumy M, Ebadi A, SEYYED MM, Rahmani A, Raisifar A. Effect of concept mapping teaching method on critical thinking skills of nursing students. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2011;3(4):143-8.
13. vakilbashi A. Critical thinking with Applied Approach. Selected Management Magazine. 2016;164(1):101.
14. Taheri N, Hojati H, Cheraghian B, Esmaieli T. Critical thinking in nursing students of Abadan nursing faculty. Dena J. 2008;3(3):1-7.
15. Quinn FM. The principles and practice of nurse education. Fourth ed. University of Greenwich, London, UK: Nelson Thornes publisher; 2000.
16. Mangena A, Chabeli MM. Strategies to overcome obstacles in the facilitation of critical thinking in nursing education. Nurse Education Today. 2005;25(4):291-8.
17. Alfaro-LeFevre R. Critical thinking and clinical judgment: A practical approach to outcome-focused thinking: Saunders; 2009.
18. Duchscher JEB. Critical thinking: Perceptions of newly graduated female baccalaureate nurses. Journal of Nursing Education. 2003;42(1):14-27.
19. Fero LJ, O’Donnell JM, Zullo TG, Dabbs AD, Kitutu J, Samosky JT, et al. Critical thinking skills in nursing students: comparison of simulation‐based performance with metrics. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2010;66(10):2182-93.
20. Paryad E, Javadi N, Fadakar K, Asiri S. Relationship between critical thinking and clinical decision making in nursing students. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2011;24(73):63-71.
21. Taghavi Larijani T, Mardani Hmouleh M, Rezaei N, Ghadiriyan F, Rashidi A. Relationship between assertiveness and critical thinking in nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education. 2014;3(1):32-40.
22. Ghaedi heidari F, Toghiann chaharsooghi N. Correlation between personality traits of critical thinking in nursing students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Development Strategies in Medical Education. 2014;1(1):11-7.
23. Gharib M, Rabieian M, Salsali M, Hadjizadeh E, Kashani AS, Khalkhali H. Critical Thinking Skills and Critical Thinking Dispositions in Freshmen and Senior Students of Health Care Management. Iranian journal of medical education. 2009;9(2).
24. Wilgis M, McConnell J. Concept mapping: An educational strategy to improve graduate nurses’ critical thinking skills during a hospital orientation program. The journal of continuing education in Nursing. 2008;39(3):119-26.
25. Kerman Saravi F, Navabi Rigi SD, Ebrahimy Tabas E. Critical thinking skills in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences freshman nursing students and graduated in 2009-2011. Journal of qualitative Research in Health Sciences. 2011;11(1):7-17.
26. Akhoundzadeh K, Ahmari Tehran H, Salehi S, Abedini Z. Critical thinking in nursing education in Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2011;11(3):210-21.
27. Momeni H, Salehi A, Sadeghi H. Comparing the Effect of Problem Based Learning and Concept Mapping on Critical Thinking Disposition of Nursing Student. Bimonthly of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences. 2017;10(4):234-44.
28. Asadi A, Taheri M, Salari A. The Survey of Educational Needs to Empower Faculties in GUMS. Research in Medical Education. 2016;8(2):37-48.
29. Rahnama A, Mirzamohamadi M, Bijvand F. Investigating the Relationship between Critical Thinking and Science Production Among faculty members of Shahed University. Training & Learning Researches. 2014;2(3):257-88.
30. Johansen ML. Keeping the peace: conflict management strategies for nurse managers. Nursing Management. 2012;43(2):50-4.
31. Tidd ST, Friedman RA. Conflict style and coping with role conflict: An extension of the uncertainty model of work stress. International Journal of Conflict Management. 2002;13(3):236-57.
32. Rahim MA. A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. Academy of Management journal. 1983;26(2):368-76.
33. Thomas KW. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode. TKI Profile and Interpretive Report. 2008:1-11.
34. Phillips CR, Chesnut RJ, Rospond RM. The California critical thinking instruments for benchmarking, program assessment, and directing curricular change. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2004;68(4):101.
35. Babamohammadi H, Khalili H. Critical thinking skills of nursing students in Semnan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2004;4(2):23-31.[In Persian].
36. Esmaeelkhani F, Ahadi H, Mazaheri M, Mehrabizadeh honarmand M, Askari P. Investigating the Simple and Multiple Relationships of Emotional Intelligence, Self-efficacy and Psychological Hardiness with Conflict Management Style in Students. New findings in psychology. 2009;4(11):107-23.
37. Facione NC, Facione PA. The" California Critical Thinking Skills Test" and the National League for Nursing Accreditation Requirement in Critical Thinking. National League for Nursing; 1994.
38. Khallli H, Zadeh MH. Investigation of reliability, validity and normality Persian version of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test; Form B (CCTST). Tehran: Shahid beheshti university of medical sciences; 2009.
39. Davoodi A, Naghsh Poor P. Determination of reliability, validity and norm of California critical thinking skills test, form B. Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences. 2003;5(5):84-90.
40. Khodamoradi K, Saeedzakerin M, Alavimajd H, Yagmaei F, Shahabi M. Translation and Psychometric Analysis "California Critical Thinking Skills Test Form B. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery. 2006;13(55):12-9.
41. Hasanpour M, Izadian Z, Izadian M, Gholami Motlagh F. Relationship between nurses' conflict management styles and critical thinking skills in the clinical setting. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2016;10(4):58-66.
42. Chan JC, Sit EN, Lau W. Conflict management styles, emotional intelligence and implicit theories of personality of nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Nurse education today. 2014;34(6):934-9.
43. Kantek F, Gezer N. Conflict in schools: Student nurses’ conflict management styles. Nurse education today. 2009;29(1):100-7.
44. Al-Hamdan Z, Norrie P, Anthony D. Conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan. Journal of Research in Nursing. 2014;19(1):40-53.
45. Özkalp E, Sungur Z, Ayşe Özdemir A. Conflict management styles of Turkish managers. Journal of European Industrial Training. 2009;33(5):419-38.
46. Knox DK. The California critical thinking skills test. Clemson Thinks2. 2013.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 60, No 7 (2022) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v60i7.10216 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Critical thinking skills Conflict management styles Faculty members Medical university | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Salarvand S, Mousavi M-S. The Relationship Between Critical Thinking Skills and Conflict Management Styles in Nursing and Midwifery Faculty Members, University of Medical Sciences. Acta Med Iran. 2022;60(7):346-444.
