Investigation of Metallo-beta-lactamase Genes (L1 and NDM1) in Isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the beta-lactamase, ESBL, and MBL enzymes and also L1and NDM1 genes in isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antibiotic susceptibility test, beta-lactamase, ESBL, and MBL test was done on 23 isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The presence of L1 and NDM1 genes was investigated on isolated MBL bacteria by the PCR method. The results showed the most effective antibiotics were tigecycline and gentamicin (100%) and the highest resistance was observed with aztreonam (56.22%). 39.13% of isolates were ESBL, 82.66% of isolates were beta-lactamase positive, 60.86% of isolates were Metallo-beta-lactamase positive. 39.13% of MBL positive isolates, were positive for the L1 gene but the NDM1 gene was not seen. Results of this study showed the higher resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics also the presence of the l1 gene. ESBL and MBL producing S. maltophilia are frequently resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. Therefore, needs to be done antibiotic sensitivity test, ESBL, and MBL test before treatment for this bacterium.
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7. Vartivarian SE, Papadakis KA, Anaissie EJ. Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia urinary tract infection. A disease that is usually severe and complicated. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:433-5.
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11. Looney WJ, Narita M, Mühlemann K. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging opportunist human pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis 2009;9:312-23.
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13. Fedler KA, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN. Assessment of pathogen frequency and resistance patterns among pediatric patient isolates: report from the 2004 SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program on 3 continents. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;56:427-36.
14. Galles AC, Jones RN, Sader HS. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of contemporary clinical strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates: can moxifloxacin activity be predicted by levofloxacin MIC results? J Chemother 2008;20:38-42.
15. Chung HS, Hong SG, Lee Y, Kim M, Yong D, Jeong SH, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from a Korean tertiary care hospital. Yonsei Med J 2012;53:439-41.
16. Kanamori H, Yano H, Tanouchi A, Kakuta R, Endo S, Ichimura S, et al. Prevalence of Smqnr and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Japan: novel variants of Smqnr. New Microbes New Infect 2015;7:8-14.
17. Wang C, Zhan Q, Mi Z, Huang Z, Chen G. Distribution of the antiseptic-resistance gene qacEDelta1 in 283 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria in China. J Hosp Infect 2008;69:394-6.
18. Chang YT, Lin CY, Lu PL, Lai CC, Chen TC, Chen CY, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection: comparison between community-onset and hospital-acquired infections. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2014;47:28-35.
19. Neela V, Rankouhi SZ, van Belkum A, Goering RV, Awang R. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Malaysia: molecular epidemiology and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance. Int J Infect Dis 2012;16:e603-7.
20. Wang WS, Liu CP, Lee CM, Huang FY. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in adults: four years' experience in a medical center in northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2004;37:359-65.
21. Valdezate S, Vindel A, Loza E, Baquero F, Canton R. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of unique Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:1581-4.
22. Petersen PJ, Jacobus NV, Weiss WJ, Sum PE, Testa RT. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a novel glycylcycline, the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (GAR-936). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:738-44.
23. Okazaki A, Avison MB. Induction of L1 and L2 beta-lactamase production in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is dependent on an AmpR-type regulator. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:1525-8.
24. Flores-Trevino S, Gutierrez-Ferman JL, Morfin-Otero R, Rodriguez-Noriega E, Estrada-Rivadeneyra D, Rivas-Morales C, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Mexico: antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and clonal diversity. J Med Microbiol 2014;63:1524-30.
25. Yang Z, Liu W, Cui Q, Niu W, Li H, Zhao X, et al. Prevalence and detection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia carrying metallo-β-lactamase blaL1 in Beijing, China. Front Microbiol 2014;5:692.
26. Berrazeg M, Diene S, Medjahed L, Parola P, Drissi M, Raoult D, et al. New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase around the world: an eReview using Google Maps. Euro Surveill 2014;19:20809.
2. Barbolla R, Catalano M, Orman BE, Famiglietti A, Vay C, Smayevsky J, et al. Class 1 integrons increase trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MICs against epidemiologically unrelated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:666-9.
3. Avison MB, Higgins CS, Ford PJ, von Heldreich CJ, Walsh TR, Bennett PM. Differential regulation of L1 and L2 beta-lactamase expression in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;49:387-9.
4. Avison MB, von Heldreich CJ, Higgins CS, Bennett PM, Walsh TR. A TEM-2beta-lactamase encoded on an active Tn1-like transposon in the genome of a clinical isolate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;46:879-84.
5. Hejnar P, Kolar M, Chmela Z. Double-disk synergy test positivity in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004;49:71-4.
6. Mercuri PS, Ishii Y, Ma L, Rossolini GM, Luzzaro F, Amicosante G, et al. Clonal diversity and metallo-beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Microb Drug Resist 2002;8:193-200.
7. Vartivarian SE, Papadakis KA, Anaissie EJ. Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia urinary tract infection. A disease that is usually severe and complicated. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:433-5.
8. Livermore DM, Brown DF. Detection of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48:59-64.
9. Jesudason MV, Kandathil A, Balaji V. Comparison of two methods to detect carbapenemase & metallo-beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates. Indian J Med Res 2005;121:780-3.
10. Goudarzi M, Sabzehali F, Tayebi Z, Azad M, Boromandi S, Hashemi A, et al. Prevalence of blaCTX-M gene in multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Urinary Tract Infections, Tehran, Iran. Novelty Biomed 2014;2:107-13.
11. Looney WJ, Narita M, Mühlemann K. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging opportunist human pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis 2009;9:312-23.
12. Nicodemo AC, Paez JI. Antimicrobial therapy for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007;26:229-37.
13. Fedler KA, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN. Assessment of pathogen frequency and resistance patterns among pediatric patient isolates: report from the 2004 SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program on 3 continents. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;56:427-36.
14. Galles AC, Jones RN, Sader HS. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of contemporary clinical strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates: can moxifloxacin activity be predicted by levofloxacin MIC results? J Chemother 2008;20:38-42.
15. Chung HS, Hong SG, Lee Y, Kim M, Yong D, Jeong SH, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from a Korean tertiary care hospital. Yonsei Med J 2012;53:439-41.
16. Kanamori H, Yano H, Tanouchi A, Kakuta R, Endo S, Ichimura S, et al. Prevalence of Smqnr and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Japan: novel variants of Smqnr. New Microbes New Infect 2015;7:8-14.
17. Wang C, Zhan Q, Mi Z, Huang Z, Chen G. Distribution of the antiseptic-resistance gene qacEDelta1 in 283 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria in China. J Hosp Infect 2008;69:394-6.
18. Chang YT, Lin CY, Lu PL, Lai CC, Chen TC, Chen CY, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection: comparison between community-onset and hospital-acquired infections. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2014;47:28-35.
19. Neela V, Rankouhi SZ, van Belkum A, Goering RV, Awang R. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Malaysia: molecular epidemiology and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance. Int J Infect Dis 2012;16:e603-7.
20. Wang WS, Liu CP, Lee CM, Huang FY. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in adults: four years' experience in a medical center in northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2004;37:359-65.
21. Valdezate S, Vindel A, Loza E, Baquero F, Canton R. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of unique Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:1581-4.
22. Petersen PJ, Jacobus NV, Weiss WJ, Sum PE, Testa RT. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a novel glycylcycline, the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (GAR-936). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:738-44.
23. Okazaki A, Avison MB. Induction of L1 and L2 beta-lactamase production in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is dependent on an AmpR-type regulator. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:1525-8.
24. Flores-Trevino S, Gutierrez-Ferman JL, Morfin-Otero R, Rodriguez-Noriega E, Estrada-Rivadeneyra D, Rivas-Morales C, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Mexico: antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and clonal diversity. J Med Microbiol 2014;63:1524-30.
25. Yang Z, Liu W, Cui Q, Niu W, Li H, Zhao X, et al. Prevalence and detection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia carrying metallo-β-lactamase blaL1 in Beijing, China. Front Microbiol 2014;5:692.
26. Berrazeg M, Diene S, Medjahed L, Parola P, Drissi M, Raoult D, et al. New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase around the world: an eReview using Google Maps. Euro Surveill 2014;19:20809.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 60, No 7 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v60i7.10215 | |
| Keywords | ||
| : Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Antibiotic L1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 gene | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Izadi Amoli R, Nowroozi J. Investigation of Metallo-beta-lactamase Genes (L1 and NDM1) in Isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Acta Med Iran. 2022;60(7):429-435.
