Review Article

Epididymo-Orchitis in Bechet's Disease: A Review of the Wide Spectrum of the Disease

Abstract

 Behçet’s disease is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory disorder characterized by orogenital ulcers and skin lesions; serious manifestations also include ocular, large vessel, gastrointestinal and neurological involvement. Genetic and unknown environmental factors modify the wide clinical spectrum of the disease. During the long clinical course of the disease, testicular and epididymal involvement has been reported, with scrotal pain and swelling being the most common symptoms. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of epididymo-orchitis in Behcet’s disease patients, and we evaluate the diagnostic approaches as well as the empirical therapeutic modalities of this entity.

 

Kaklamani VG, Vaiopoulos G, Kaklamanis PG. Behçet's Disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1998; 27: 197-217.

Zouboulis CC, Epidemiology of Adamantilades-Behcets disease in: Zierhut M, Ohno S (Hrsg) Immunology of Behcet’s disease. Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Liss Netherlands, 2003; S 1-16.

Davatchi F, Shahram F, Chams-Davatchi C, Shams H, Nadji A, Akhlaghi M, Faezi T, Sadeghi Abdollahi B. How to deal with Behcet's disease in daily practice. Int J Rheum Dis 2010: 13; 105-16.

Seyahi E, Melikoglu M, and Yazici H. Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Behçet’s Syndrome. Int J Adv Rheumatol 2007; 5: 8-13.

Mendes D, Correia M, Barbedo M, Vaio T, Mota M, Gonçalves O, Valente J. Behçet's disease-a contemporary review. J Autoimmunity 2009; 32: 178-88.

Hatemi G, Yazici Y, Yazici H. Behçet's syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2013; 39: 245-61.

Hatemi G, Silman A, Bang D, Bodaghi B, Chamberlain AM, Gul A, Houman MH, Kötter I, Olivieri I, Salvarani C, Sfikakis PP, Siva A, Stanford MR, Stübiger N, Yurdakul S, Yazici H; EULAR Expert Committee. EULAR recommendations for the management of Behçet disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67: 1656-62.

Sharquie KE, Al-Rawi Z. Epididymo-orchitis in Behçets disease. Br J Rheumatol1987; 26: 468-9.

Callejas-Rubio JL, Ortego N, Díez A, Castro M, De La Higuera J. .Recurrent epididymo-orchitis secondary to Behçets disease. J Urol 1998; 160: 496.

Kaklamani VG, Vaiopoulos G, Markomichelakis N, Kaklamanis P. Recurrent epididymo-orchitis in patients with Behçet's disease. J Urol 2000; 163: 487-9.

Cho YH, Jung J, Lee KH, Bang D, Lee ES, Lee S Clinical features of patients with Behçet's disease and epididymitis. J Urol 2003; 170: 1231-3.

Pektaş A, Devrim I, Beşbaş N, Bilginer Y, Cengiz AB, Ozen S. A child with Behçet's disease presenting with a spectrum of inflammatory manifestations including epididymoorchitis. Turk J Pediatr 2008; 50: 78-80.

Bang D, Lee JH, Lee ES, Lee S, Choi JS, Kim YK, Cho BK, Koh JK, Won YH, Kim NI, Park SD, Ahn HJ, Lee YW, Wang HY, Lee WW, Eun HC, Song ES, Lee SW, Lee CW, Lee CJ, Park JH, Song YW, Kim ST, Kim CY, Park JK, Kwon KS. Epidemiologic and clinical survey of Behcet's disease in Korea: the first multicenter study. J Korean Med Sci. 2001; 16: 615-8.

Ideguchi H, Suda A, Takeno M, Ueda A, Ohno S, Ishigatsubo Y. Behçet disease: evolution of clinical manifestations. Medicine (Baltimore). 2011; 90: 125-32.

Shang Y, Han S, Li J, Ren Q, Song F, Chen H. The clinical feature of Behçet's disease in Northeastern China. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50: 630-6.

Madanat W, Fayyad F, Verity D, Zureikat H. Influence of sex on Behcet’s disease in Jordan. In: Bang D, Lee E-E (eds) – Behcet’s disease Design Mecca Publishing, Seoul, 2000, pp 90-93.

al-Dalaan AN, al Balaa SR, el Ramahi K, al-Kawi Z, Bohlega S, Bahabri S, al Janadi MA. Behçet's disease in Saudi Arabia. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 658-61.

Chajek T and Fainaru M. Behcet’s disease. Report of 41 cases and review of the literature. Medicine 1975; 54: 179-176.

Davatchi F, Shahram F, Chams-Davatchi C, Shams H, Nadji A, Akhlaghi M, Faezi T, Ghodsi Z, Larimi R, Ashofteh F, Abdollahi BS. Behcet's disease in Iran: analysis of 6500 cases Int J Rheum Dis 2010; 13: 367-73.

Cetinel B, Obek C, Solok V, Yaycioglu O and Yazici H. Urologic screening for men with Behcet’s syndrome Urology 1998; 52: 863-865.

Yazici Y, Yurdakul S, Yazici H. Behçet's syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2010; 12: 429-35.

Pipitone N, Boiardi L, Olivieri I, Cantini F, Salvi F, Malatesta R, La Corte R, Triolo G, Ferrante A, Filippini D, Paolazzi G, Sarzi-Puttini P, Restuccia G, Salvarani C. Clinical manifestations of Behçet's disease in 137 Italian patients: results of a multicenter study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004; 22(6 Suppl 36): S46-51.

Assaad-Khalil SH, Kawel FA, Ismail EA. Starting regional registry for patients with Behcet’s disease in North West Nile Delta region in Egypt. In: Hamza M (ed) Behcet’s disease 1997; pp 173-17, Publ Adhoua, Tunis.

Zouboulis CC, Vaiopoulos G, Marcomichelakis N, Palimeris G, Markidou I, Thouas B, Kaklamanis P. Onset signs, clinical course, prognosis, treatment and outcome of adult patients with Adamantiades-Behçet's disease in Greece. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21 (4 Suppl 30): S19-26.

Roux H, Richard P, Arrighi A, Bergaoui N. La maladie de Behçet autochtone : Rev Rhum 1989; 56: 383-388.

Altenburg A, Mahr A, Maldini C, Kneifel CE, Krause L, Kötter I, Stache T, Bonitsis NG, Zouboulis CC. Epidemiology and clinical aspects of Adamantiades-Behçet disease in Gemany. Current data. Ophthalmologe 2012; 109: 531-41.

Calamia KT, Wilson FC, Icen M, et al. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Behcet’s disease in the US: a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 61: 600 – 4.

Maldini C, Lavalley MP, Cheminant M, de Menthon M, Mahr A. Relationships of HLA-B51 or B5 genotype with Behcet's disease clinical characteristics: systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012 May; 51: 887-900.

Koné-Paut I, Yurdakul S, Bahabri SA, Shafae N, Ozen S, Ozdogan H, et al. Clinical features of Behçet’s disease in children: an international collaborative study of 86 cases. J Pediatr 1998; 132: 721-5.

Uziel Y, Brik R, Padeh S, Barash J, Mukamel M, Harel L, Press J, Tauber T, Rakover Y, Wolach B. Juvenile Behçet's disease in Israel. The Pediatric Rheumatology Study Group of Israel. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998; 16: 502-5.

Kenneth T. Calamia and I zzet Fresko. Miscellaneous Manifestations of Behçet’s Disease. Yusuf Yazıcı, Hasan Yazici (Eds). Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010, pp189-204.

Kapsimali VD, Kanakis MA, Vaiopoulos GA, Kaklamanis PG. Etiopathogenesis of Behçet's disease with emphasis on the role of immunological aberrations. Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29: 1211-6.

Yazici H, Fresko I. Behçet’s disease and other autoinf lammatory conditions: What's in a name ? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005; 23 (suppl 38): S1-S2

Warfield AT, Lee SJ, Phillips SM, Pall AA. Isolated testicular vasculitis mimicking a testicular neoplasm. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47: 1121-3.

Hernández-Rodríguez J, Tan CD, Koening CL, Khasnis A, Rodríguez ER, Hoffman GS. Testicular vasculitis: findings differentiating isolated disease from systemic disease in 72 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2012; 91: 75-85.

Kirkali Z, Yigitbasi O, Sasmaz R. Urological aspects of Behcet’s disease. Brit J Urol 1991; 6: 638-639.

Pannek J, Haupt G. Orchitis due to vasculitis in autoimmune diseases. Scand J Rheumatol 1997; 26: 151-4.

Files
IssueVol 55, No 8 (2017) QRcode
SectionReview Article(s)
Keywords
Behcet’s Orchitis Epididymitis Diagnosis Therapy

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Kanakis M, Vaiopoulos A, Vaiopoulos G, Kaklamanis P. Epididymo-Orchitis in Bechet’s Disease: A Review of the Wide Spectrum of the Disease. Acta Med Iran. 2017;55(8):482-485.